Vol 10 No 2 (2018)

Pemberantasan korupsi yang mengandalkan kepada pendekatan hukum semata belum berhasil menunjukkan perkembangan yang positif di Indonesia. Survei persepsi masyarakat tentang korupsi bahkan menempatkan lembaga hukum itu sendiri sebagai pelaku korupsi tertinggi.  Kontrol hukum dan kontrol admnistrasi bahkan telah melahirkan korupsi baru antara penegak hukum dan auditor dengan penyelenggara pemerintahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran LSM dalam fungsinya sebagai social control agent dalam pemberantasan Korupsi di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 (tiga) peran utama LSM yaitu peran edukatif, advokatif dan investigatif. Peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat berupa membangun kesadaran masyarakat hanya baru dilaksanakan oleh sebagian kecil LSM dengan frekuensi yang terbatas, Peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat berupa advokasi terhadap kebijakan pemerintah dilakukan secara pasif dengan memberikan masukan apabila diminta oleh pemerintah daerah seperti dalam rapat-rapat atau diskusi-diskusi yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah. Peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat berupa demonstrasi untuk menentang perilaku dan praktek korupsi masih sangat terbatas dilakukan oleh lembaga swadaya masyarakat di Bengkulu Utara.  Sedangkan Peran lembaga swadaya masyarakat berupa investigasi terhadap praktek korupsi telah dilakukan hampir oleh seluruh lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang bergerak dibidang pemberantasan korupsi dan pemantauan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di Bengkulu Utara, namun upaya tindak lanjut untuk mendorong diadakannya penyelidikan resmi terhadap hasil investigasi tersebut belum maksimal dan bahkan beberapa pengurus lembaga swadaya masyarakat memanfaatkan hasil investigasi untuk memperoleh keuntungan pribadi.Peran kontrol sosial oleh lembaga swadaya masyarakat belum maksimal dan sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuan lembaga swadaya masyarakat yang bersangkutan baik kemampuan sumberdaya keuangan maupun sumber daya manusia.

Indeks kemasyarakatan dicetuskan sebagai suatu inovasi dengan tujuan meningkatkan peran serta masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Kota Bandung yang inklusif. Modal sosial menjadi konsep kunci dalam pengkajian indeks kemasyarakatan, yang berada pada tataran aspek mikro yaitu collective action dalam wujud partisipasi masyarakat. Hal krusial yang dibutuhkan dalam mengetahui nilai indeks kemasyarakatan adalah dengan menyusun instrumen yang valid dan reliabel, dimana dalam penelitian ini didapat melalui in depth interview dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada responden kunci, lalu diuji secara kuantitatif. Uji instrumen pengukuran dengan SPSS menunjukkan variabel modal sosial dengan 15 indikator dalam 5 dimensi yaitu partisipasi, saling percaya, norma sosial dan nilai bersama, saling menghargai dan relasi. Analisis kendala diperlukan dalam proses implementasi pengukuran di lapangan, dimana perlunya antisipasi melalui pemberdayaan dan keterlibatan aktif ketua RT (Rukun Tetangga) dan sosialisasi di kewilayahan. Pengimplementasian indeks ini harus didahului oleh pre-test untuk memotret kondisi awal sosial masyarakat Kota Bandung, yang hasilnya dapat menjadi bahan perencanaan pembangunan.

The Ministry of Trade revealed that there are 41 wet markets in 12 provinces in Indonesia suffering from damage, 50 percent of which are due to incomplete and inadequate market facilities. From a survey of 3,956 markets, 95 percent of them have a physical building over 25 years. In Banyumas regency there are two wet markets that have experienced the revitalization program, namely those in Cilongok and Sokaraja. However, this research focused on Cilongok market. This research aims to compare consumer assessment toward the level of cleanliness, safety, orderliness, and lighting, level of favorability and frequency of consumer visit to Cilongokwetmarket. This study used a comparative descriptive method to compare consumers’ assessment. The before-after approach is used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment, characterized by an average difference before and after treatment. This research surveyed 100 respondents selected by accidental sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire-based exit interview. Data of the assessment pre-revitalization are obtained by recall method. Data were then analyzed using paired sample t-test. The results show that consumer assessment toward the level of cleanliness, safety, orderliness, and lighting of the Cilongokwet market after revitalization is higher than that before revitalization. Moreover, their level of favorability and frequency of visiting the market are higher, too. The results imply that revitalization of wet markets has been perceived positively by consumers, which has affected their frequency of shopping, thereby improving the competitiveness of the wet market against the modern market.

Pilkada merupakan salah satu sarana suksesi kepemimpinan yang demokratis dalam sebuah negara yang mengklaim sebagai negara demokrasi. Salah satu indikator dalam kesuksesan proses demokrasi, khususnya Pilkada, adalah partisipasi politik masyarakat. Pemuda sebagai salah satu segmentasi penting dalam masyarakat juga menjadi penting untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat partisipasi pemuda dalam Pilkada Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2018 dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pendorong partisipasi politik pemuda dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kualitas demokrasi Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang mendorong terjadinya peningkatan partisipasi politik pemuda dalam Pilkad Jawa Barat tahun 2018, yaitu faktor figur dan rekam jejak pasangan calon, faktor sosialisasi dan kampanye, faktor kedaerahan, faktor pengaruh ulama serta faktor kesadaran politik masyarakat.

Research and development center (here refers to as Puslitbang) of the Supreme Court has an important role in the development process of law and justice in Indonesia. Puslitbang must be able to support the Supreme Court’s vision to create a great judicial firm. However, activities of Puslitbang of the Supreme Court are still limited to the implementation of research and review of certain topics. Whereas, Puslitbang has so many assignments beside doing research and review, which is described in  Chief of the Supreme Court Decree Number: 140/KMA, SK/X/2008 on Guidance for Management and Implementation of Research, Development, Education, and Training. The other assignment of Puslitbang include: feasibility of the policy plan and carry out activities in developing models/legal and judicial products. So, it can be said that Puslitbang has not performed its full functions as described in  Chief of the Supreme Court Decree Number: 140/KMA, SK/X/2008. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy to improve the functions of Puslitbang of Supreme Court. This paper used descriptive-quantitative research with Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method. The first step of this method is determining the internal and external factors affecting the management of Puslitbang and then analyzing them using SWOT and QSPM. The results show that the strategy that obtains the highest score is organizing discussion forums with external and internal institutions. On the other hand, the strategy which obtains the lowest score is the leader’s role in determining policy by considering the needs of Puslitbang. The conclusion of this research is the QSPM method provides 4 best strategies for enhancing the function of Puslitbang. The strategies are: creating a discussion forum with internal and external institutions, budget flexibility, developing Puslitbang Human Resources, and preparing activities in accordance with the capacity of puslitbang resources.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan kompetensi sosial budaya pegawai pemerintah pada Badan Kepegawaian Negara dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKPSDM) Lembaga Biak Numfor Kabupaten Papua Provinsi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengembangan kompetensi sosial budaya pegawai pemerintah pada Lembaga Kepegawaian Negara dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupaten Biak Numfor Provinsi Papua sudah berjalan namun masih perlu ditingkatkan sehingga pegawai pemerintah dari Lembaga Kepegawaian Negara dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kabupaten Biak Numfor Provinsi Papua memiliki pengalaman kerja yang terkait dengan masyarakat majemuk dalam hal agama, suku, budaya, sehingga mereka akan memiliki wawasan nasional dan diharapkan mampu beradaptasi dan berkomunikasi secara efektif, secara empatik, dan sopan dengan sesama karyawan dan masyarakat.

Nagari substansi Minangkabau satu di antara wilayah di Indonesia disebut Belanda dengan Republik Kecil. Hilang nagari, musnah Minangkabau dan lenyap bagian kekuatan identitas bangsa. Justru nagari Minang merupakan daerah istimewa dan sentra kekayaan warisan budaya (benda dan  non  benda) dan sejarah yang bernilai warisan dunia (world heritage). Karenanya seiring dengan perkembangan pemerintahan NKRI, Nagari memerlukan kebijakan publik yang adil, tidak hanya menguntungkan satu pihak dan  merugikan pihak lain. Kebijakan itu juga memberi peluang nagari sebagai bagian wilayah subkultur dan geneologis suku-suku bangsa di Sumatera untuk memenej (merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, menggerakan dan mengontrol) penguatan identitas, integritas dan keberlanjutan hidupnya. Tegasnya memberi peluang nagari berupaya melestarikan dan mewariskan nilai-nilai warisan budaya dan sejarahnya kepada generasi berikutnya dan terkonsolidasi dalam program warisan dunia internasional yang dikelola UNESCO World Heritage Committee, karena sangat berarti bagi kemanusiaan.  

Studi ini berusaha untuk menggambarkan upaya pemerintah daerah otonom baru dalam membangun kapasitas layanan publik di daerah otonom baru, mengidentifikasi dinamika pembangunan kapasitas layanan publik yang berkelanjutan di daerah otonom baru dan merancang model pembangunan kapasitas layanan publik yang berkelanjutan untuk memperkuat wilayah otonomi. Model ini mencoba untuk mencapai aspek pembangunan antargenerasi dari pembangunan, yang bukan jangka pendek. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang menggabungkan data sekunder dan data primer. Data dikumpulkan dari beberapa pemerintah daerah dengan praktik terbaik dalam manajemen kapasitas layanan publik. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model interaktif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa penguatan program-program inovatif di sektor pelayanan publik perlu mengadopsi model peran inisiatif inovasi sektor publik. Model tersebut menekankan pentingnya identifikasi peran inovasi yang dirancang dalam suatu program terhadap masalah-masalah nyata yang dihadapi, sehingga nantinya akan tercapai kepercayaan publik tentang urgensi inovasi.

Indonesia has been practicing both symmetric and asymmetric decentralization for decades. This study believes that asymmetric decentralization should not only for those five provinces (Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Aceh, Papua and West Papua). If political considerations and the effectiveness and efficiency of government, asymmetric decentralization becomes a necessary choice for many other regions in Indonesia. This includes autonomous regions characterized by islands (archipelagic regions). Hence, this paper will discuss a number of reasons why archipelagic regions also need asymmetrical arrangements. How to make such arrangements functional? What potential challenges might be encountered? This study employs qualitative approach with theory-driven type. Operationally, this study is sustained by a series of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and documentary method. Aiming at strengthening the capacity of the government for more effective governance and development process, the uniqueness and various specific problems faced by archipelagic regions become the main reasons for applying asymmetric decentralization. Proposing a separate policy provides an effective strategy for certainty and functional de jure and de facto asymmetry arrangements. Handling various existing problems which could weaken the capacity to carry out asymmetric decentralization policy would be the most appropriate strategy to make the policy facilitates its potential benefits.

Medical treatment and nutrition improvement may extend the life of human beings. This brings out a wider working opportunity to be productive. Therefore, ASN (Aparatur Sipil Negara) performance prior to near retirement should be better. Prior to retirement will always be a burden and it is not a productive moment. Knowing this phase deeply will lead to making a policy of retirement for ASN in dealing with their retirement. Their performance at this phase sometimes causes them to get less attention by superior or their peers; they think of ASN at this phase to be less productive and just waiting for the retirement to come. The aim of this research was to find a management model for the civil servant in approaching the retirement (near-retirement phase). The retirement period experienced by each person after the end of his/her working period is expected to be comfortable. The research utilizes a case study design with a qualitative approach. The interview was conducted in-depth (in-depth interview) in which the informants were the civil servants in the Regional Secretariat of Pemalang District. The data credibility was carried out by using data triangulation. The findings of this research indicated that the internal social relationship of male employees toward retirement was more active than female employees. Moreover, male employees cared more about health factors than female employees. Male employees took more time before retirement whereas female employees were more relaxed. In addition, they need social supports on the eve of retirements such as financial preparation, role adjustment, and retirement activities. Family and colleague’s supports were the most important supports needed before retirement.

Climate change currently becomes the concern of policymakers and academics because the impact is already extensive. The Bajo People Community, located in Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi is a coastal community with a significant portion of its population living as fishermen. The people and fishermen in the Bajo people also felt the impact of climate change on the coastal and marine environment. The effect on the environment is very influential on the economic and social community of the Bajo People. This study aims to define the alternative to propose adaptation strategy to deal with climate change for fishermen. The benefit of this study is to provide input for planners, policymakers, and practitioners related to fisheries in the territory of Indonesia. Climate change adaptation is necessary to maintain the quality of life of fishers and to achieve the stability of available resources. This study used a literature study and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as its method to find the alternative strategy in order to face climate change. The plan proposed in this research are three, namely increasing knowledge and information about climate change, resource management, and livelihood diversification. The result of this research is that Bajo Fishermen need an appropriate adaptation strategy to mitigate the situation towards climate change issues, which is necessary to prevent the disruption of economic and social activities, focusing on the cognitive, practical and structured aspects that base on cultural values, norms, and customs of the Bajo people. This study found four useful variables to be used as coping strategies for climate change, which are social, ecological, economic and political alternatives. The four variables are strengthening the surveillance of epidemic disease, developing fish gear technology, improving proper water treatment management, and creating awareness of climate change for the fishermen community.

Malang is a thriving city and destination of migration from rural areas. Vehicle ownership is one indicator of prosperity, but it has a negative effect on city traffic. In 2017 the city of Malang was the third most traffic jam city in Indonesia. This study used the 2016 National Socioeconomic Survey and aimed to see the influence of urbanization and socioeconomic conditions on the preference of owning a vehicle. Income is considered as a budget constraint to the ability to buy a vehicle and is related to the socio-economic conditions of each person. This study used an ordered probit method to measure the level of prosperity with 4 levels of output; those who have no vehicle, who owned at least one motorcycle, who owned at least one car, and who owned at least one car and one motorcycle. The result of the study showed that migration has a negative effect on vehicle ownership. While age has no significant effect, other socio-economic factors have a significant effect. The highest level of vehicle ownership in Malang Raya was one motorcycle, which means that the community in developing cities like Malang Raya was classified as a middle class. This study might be used by the government of Malang to control the growth of vehicles, by considering population growth and socio-economic conditions, to reduce the congestion problem in Malang Raya.

Tingkat pencemaran lingkungan khususnya pencemaran air, baik air tanah maupun air sungai di Jakarta saat ini menunjukan angka yang tinggi. Hal ini utamanya disebabkan oleh pembuangan air limbah domestik rumah tangga yang belum dikendalikan dengan baik. Upaya pengembangan pengelolaan air limbah domestik dirasakan tidak optimal. Pembagunan infrastruktur berjalan sangat lambat, peranserta dan kepedulian masyarakat sangat rendah serta kompetensi dan kapasitas pengelola juga masih rendah. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan peningkatan peran intitusi pengelola air limbah domestik  baik operator maupun regulator agar dapat melakukan percepatan pembagunan infrastruktur pengolahan air limbah domestik, meningkatkan peran serta dan kepedulian masyarakat untuk pengelolaan air limbah domestik, serta meningkatkan kompetensi dan kapasitas pengelola layanan pengelolaan air limbah domestik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran institisi  terhadap upaya pengembangan pengelolaan air limbah domestik rumah tangga di DKI Jakarta.  Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode interpretive structural modelling (ISM) sebagai suatu metode untuk menganalisa keterkaitan antar institusi dalam rangka pengembangan pengelolaan air limbah domestik, Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa institusi kunci yang dapat melakukan percepatan pembangunan infrastruktur adalah Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, serta Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat. Adapun institusi kunci yang berperan dalam peningkatkan peranserta dan kepedulian masyarakat adalah Dinas Sumber Daya Air, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup serta Perusahaan Daerah Pengelola Air Limbah DKI Jakarta. Adapun institusi kunci yang terkait dengan peningkatan kompetensi dan kapasitas pengelola layanan air limbah domestik adalah Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.

The manual Village Head Elections (Pilkades) by using a ballot has weaknesses that then gives rise to various problems, among them that some of the voters cast the wrong way, slow counting process, as well as abuse of the voting invitation that should be given to the legitimate prospective voters, the government is required to find the right solution to minimize some of these problems, one of which is the application of e-voting technology (electronic voting). Therefore, this study will discuss the effectiveness of e-voting in Pilkades at Batanghari and Bogor regencies, the urgency of e-voting implementation on Pilkades; as well as the urgency of the policy requiring the use of e-voting on Pilkades. The method being utilized in this study used descriptive narrative method with a qualitative approach. While the data collection techniques are using interviews and documentation. The result of the research shows that the use of e-voting can facilitate voters, faster, more efficient, transparent and accurate at the time of voting and counting, also dependable in Pilkades disputes process. Therefore, a policy that provides an opportunity for the use of e-voting method in the village head elections is required, so that the implementation of e-voting in all village head elections can be performed more effectively. E-voting is also very important amid the rapidly growing use of technology.