Vol 11 No 1 (2019)

The allocation of Village Fund as stipulated in the Minister of Finance Regulation number 49/PMK.07/2016, i.e. basic allocation (alokasi dasar) 90% and formula allocation (alokasi formula) 10%, could be considered as unequal because of poor attention to the indicators of poverty and development of each village. Basic allocation relates to the same amount of allocation per village, while formula allocation refers to an allocation based on the number of populations in poverty, size of area, and infrastructure price index. This article aims to investigate the ideal allocation proportion of village funds. Methods used in this study were a correlation and the analytical hierarchy process. The results show a stronger correlation between village fund and poverty and development indicators if more money is allocated in the formula allocation. However, an inequality of allocation ratio and larger fund are needed to achieve the program’s targets. Based on the weighted value of the expert group perception, the proposed formula for the ratio of basic allocation (alokasi dasar) and formula allocation (alokasi formula) is 10:90. With this formula, it is expected that poverty and development can be more quickly resolved. So, the purpose of the Village Fund as mandated by Law Number 6/2014 could be achieved.

Research on Local Revenue, General Allocation Fund, and Special Allocation Fund on economic growth, poverty, unemployment, and Gini ratios have often been done. However, there is no research that uses these three funding sources as latent variables that have a simultaneous influence on quality economic growth variables as a latent variable consisting of economic growth, poverty, unemployment and the Gini ratio as constructs. Similarly, capital expenditure as a moderating variable will be seen as influencing the source of funds. East Java is a province with 38 districts/cities where the level of economic growth is quite high and even exceeds the level of national economic growth. But the level of poverty, unemployment, and inequality is also very high. This study aims to look at the effect of decentralized funding sources on Quality Economic Growth in East Java. The data used comes from the Directorate General of Financial Balance of the Ministry of Finance in 2012 - 2015 for realization’s fund, and from the Central Bureau of Statistics for economic growth, poverty, unemployment, and Gini ratios. This study uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) in analyzing data, where quality economic growth becomes endogenous latent variables that are influenced by funding sources as exogenous latent variables and capital expenditure as a moderating variable. The results of the analysis show that the source of funds does not significantly affect quality economic growth even though the direction is positive. Likewise, capital expenditure cannot strengthen the influence of funding sources on quality economic growth. From this research, it is expected that the regional government can reanalyze the allocation of funds and the realization of regional expenditures which are prioritized for public service spending so that the triple track strategy can be implemented properly and achieve quality economic growth.

The low quality of the Senior Executive Service Officials (SES) of the State Civil Apparatus (Aparatur Sipil Negara/ASN) was due its selection process which was highly political and lack in objectivity, fairness, and transparency. The low quality and competence impeded government activities and made them unable to compete with the private sector. The implementation of the merit system in the selection process of ASN Senior Executive Service (SES) which emphasizes the qualification, competency, performance, as well as fairness and openness, was needed to produce professional Pratama SES. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the implementation of the merit system in the selection of SES in the Central Java Provincial Government. The research problem of this study was how the merit system was implemented in the selection process for the SES in the Central Java Provincial Government. The theory utilized in the study was the merit system, on the dimensions of competency, qualification, work performance, and fairness. A qualitative approach was used in this study to describe and analyze the results. The primary data was collected from interviews with the sources, while the secondary data was collected using literature reviews of relevant books, journals, documents, and regulations. The location of the study is the Regional Staffing Unit (Badan Kepegawaian Daerah/BKD) of Central Java Provincial Government. Data analysis was conducted by pattern determination, data reduction, data presentation, and verification/conclusion. The study showed that the merit system in the recruitment process of the Central Java Provincial Government’s Pratama SES was not implemented fully. Some Pratama SES selected using the system were still unable to perform their duties optimally, especially in responding, analyzing, or taking decisions/policy related to their duties. The dimension of the merit system has not yet been fully grasped and carried out, such as qualifications, competencies, and performance assessment.

Massive tin mining activities in Bangka Belitung Islands Province have caused a detrimental effect that reduces the livelihoods of the people living around the mining area. On the other hand, there has been a shift in livelihoods from agrarian communities to mining communities that increase anxieties on the livelihoods in the future. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the sustainability of the switched people livelihoods which concentrated in villages around the tin mining area. The study utilized qualitative methods, collected data through interviews and focus group discussions on community leaders, village government officials, and mining actors to analyze aspects of vulnerability and household livelihood strategies based on a sustainable livelihood framework. The results of the study reveal that household groups that work with mining owners and mining tailings have the most vulnerable livelihood resources because their main source of income from tin mining activities is only able to meet their daily needs. Furthermore, the group has very limited land and social relationships that rely solely on elements of kinship and moneylender services when faced with financial difficulties. However, most of these households began to respond to the end of the post-tin economy in the pepper plantation and trade sub-sector. In addition, business opportunities in the sub-sector of livestock, horticulture, and capture fisheries for coastal villages have been utilized by mining owners as the alternative livelihoods.

The state recognizes and respects indigenous and tribal people and their traditional rights insofar as they are alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, as contained in Article 18 B paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution. However, the fulfillment of cultural identity and the rights of indigenous people have not been maximized. This study aims to find the conceptual model of the Customary Justice system in an effort to protect the existence of the rights of indigenous people to build the strength of civil society in West Sumatra. This research uses research and development methods. Data retrieval is done by survey, observation, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) methods. This study found that; 1) Minangkabau people have their own local wisdom in resolving customary disputes, even for a broader range of life issues, long before Indonesia was found, 2) Nagari Customary Justice system is a translation of Customary Limbago which is the life philosophy of Minangkabau people, 3) Nagari Customary Judicial institutional structure is a representation of the existence of the tribe in the Nagari, so that its cultural legitimacy becomes strong. And, 4) the Nagari Customary Justice system is an effort to build the sovereignty of civil society, namely an autonomous, independent, egalitarian, and democratic society. It is hoped that the results of this study will be a guideline in establishing the Nagari Customary Justice institution in West Sumatra.

Otonomi daerah yang telah berlangsung selama kurang lebih dua dekade masih belum bisa menunjukkan hasil sesuai dengan tujuannya. Dari hasil evaluasi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah menunjukkan banyaknya kepala daerah yang terjerat kasus hukum, pengelolaan keuangan daerah yang buruk, dan beberapa permasalahan lainnya yang muncul antar level pemerintahan. Oleh karena itu, implementasi kebijaksanaan pembinaan dan pengawasan yang bertujuan untuk menjamin pelaksanaan otonomi daerah yang lebih efektif menjadi penting.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh implementasi kebijaksanaan pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan otonomi daerah di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian campuran two stages (two stages mixed method) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif terlebih dahulu kemudian diikuti dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pada tahap kuantitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi, dan pada pendekatan kualitatif digunakan analisis metode ASOCA (Ability, Strength, Opportunities, Culture, dan Agility). Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh daerah otonom di Indonesia sebanyak 542 daerah. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 85 daerah dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dan dikelompokkan pada 5 wilayah berdasarkan pendekatan geografis dan stratified random sampling, yang terdiri dari 5 provinsi, 65 kabupaten dan 15 kota. Pengumpulan data kuantitatif dilakukan melalui kuisioner dengan responden sebanyak 10 orang sedangkan data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan focus group discussion (FGD).

Penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan penting yaitu, pertama implementasi kebijaksanaan menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan demikian, semakin baik implementasi kebijaksanaan akan semakin efektif otonomi daerah. Kedua, pembinaan dan pengawasan menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan demikian, semakin baik pembinaan dan pengawasan akan semakin efektif otonomi daerah. Ketiga, implementasi kebijaksanaan pembinaan dan pengawasan secara bersama-sama menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap efektivitas pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Dengan demikian, semakin baik implementasi kebijaksanaan pembinaan dan pengawasan akan semakin efektif otonomi daerah. Dan Keempat, menemukan model baru yaitu HADI (Human resources, Acceptance, Development, and Innovation) sebagai alternative model pembinaan dan pengawasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah.

Penggusuran yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah DKI Jakarta kerap dianggap salah atau bercitra negatif (bahkan melanggar Hak Asasi Manusia) karena identik dengan keributan, pemaksaan, pengusiran, dan selalu berujung konflik. Padahal, etika utilitarianisme mengajarkan, tidak ada tindakan-tindakan, termasuk penggusuran, yang pada dirinya sendiri salah. Semua tindakan atau pun peraturan adalah netral. Yang memberi nilai moral kepada tindakan-tindakan atau peraturan tersebut adalah akibat-akibatnya yang bermanfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat positif tindakan penggusuran dengan menggunakan perspektif filosofis etika utilitarisme. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan kepustakaan, serta pendekatan kualitatif, hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kebijakan penggusuran dapat dibenarkan secara utilitarian. Menggusur segelintir warga yang berada di bantaran kali melalui upaya normalisasi dan jalur terbuka hijau dilakukan demi menyelamatkan jutaan warga DKI Jakarta dari bencana banjir. Tujuan besar penggusuran sejatinya adalah untuk kepentingan umum. Oleh karenanya, penggusuran harus diarahkan sebagai tindakan yang memiliki utilitas bagi sebanyak mungkin orang dan tetap dilakukan melalui cara yang memanusiakan manusia.

Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan regulasi untuk mendukung pengembangan ekonomi kreatif. Namun hingga saat ini, berbagai macam regulasi tersebut belum memberikan dampak yang signifikan bagi pengembangan produk unggulan daerah berbasis ekonomi kreatif. Penelitian ini akan melihat bagaimana perkembangan produk unggulan daerah berbasis ekonomi kreatif di lokasi penelitian, yaitu Kota Bandung, dan Kabupaten Badung; upaya pengembangan produk unggulan daerah berbasis ekonomi kreatif di Kota Bandung, dan Kabupaten Badung; serta kendala pengembangan produk unggulan daerah berbasis ekonomi kreatif di Kota Bandung, dan Kabupaten Badung. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, FGD, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengembangan produk unggulan daerah berbasis ekonomi kreatif  belum dapat dilakukan secara maksimal, disebabkan regulasi yang ada belum mampu memberikan dampak signifikan, meskipun pada lokus penelitian telah dilakukan upaya pengembangan sesuai dengan kemampuan daerah.

The behavior of bureaucratic apparatus in the implementation of the capital expenditure budget in the Office of Public Works and Spatial Planning of Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, still shows a deviant tendency. The problem behind the bad behavior of bureaucratic apparatus in managing the state budget is because of the lack of self-control to prevent deviant behavior and, vice versa, there is a strong intention to behave deviant. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the capital expenditure budget in the perspective of the behavior of individual bureaucratic apparatus related to intentions that are formed from a combination of attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. The research method used is qualitative with a behavioral approach so that it can explain the data and information obtained from observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The validity and reliability of the research are explained and verified with the theories of public administration science so that answers can be formulated as the formulation of the problem. The results showed that the behavior of the bureaucratic apparatus was determined by the intention of a number of efforts and endeavors to make a growing deviation in the implementation of the capital expenditure budget, it was built from the attitude of bureaucratic apparatus that lacked integrity and ployed loyalty. The attitude of the apparatus is in line with the subjective norms of the leaders and stakeholders who hope that each individual who plays a role in project management will get a number of resources determined according to the budget ceiling amount of the contract package for construction work and procurement of operational goods. The attitude and subjective norms of the bureaucratic apparatus can be achieved well because the behavior control is confirmed to be very low.

This study was about the performance of researchers in the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Research and Development Agency (R & D Unit of the MoHA). This research was motivated by the suboptimal performance of researchers in developing policies in the Ministry of Home Affairs. The purpose of this study was to describe the performance of the researchers and their various efforts on research and development in the Ministry of Home Affairs and Regional Government. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study showed that empowerment has a direct effect on innovation and improvement of the researcher’s performance. This means that more empowerment will lead to an increase in the performance of MoHA and Regional Government researchers indicated by the increase in R & D innovations produced by the researchers.  The Organization Commitment had a direct effect on innovation and improvement of the researcher’s performance. This means that a high level of commitment in the organization will lead to an increase in the performance of MoHA and the Regional Government researchers, through the increase in innovations. Innovations had a direct effect on the researcher’s performance. This means that a high degree of innovations will lead to an increase in the researchers’ performance. Together, the increased empowerment and organizational commitment directly influence the performance of researchers. This means that increasing empowerment and organizational commitment at the same time will improve the researchers’ performance. The novelty factor from this study was  the theoretical implication that this study strengthens the previous studies, that empowerment directly influenced innovation and enhanced the researchers’ performance, the organizational commitment had a direct effect on researcher innovation and improved the researchers’ performance, innovations directly influenced the researchers’ performance, and that empowerment and the organizational commitment together have a direct effect on the performance of researchers.