Beralih ke bagian utama
Artikel Riset Asli Akses Terbuka Terakreditasi SINTA 2

Kesiapan Adopsi Blockchain

Perspektif Pakar tentang Kebijakan, Implementasi, dan Tata Kelola di Indonesia

Penulis

  • Juan Mikael Simatupang * Penulis korespondensi
  • Etin Indrayani
  • Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri
  • *Penulis korespondensi
DOI
10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2681
Tanggal Terbit & Halaman
31 Desember 2025
Riwayat Naskah
Diterima14 Agu 2025 Disetujui23 Okt 2025 Terbit31 Des 2025
Lisensi
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Baca PDF 373 KB Kutip

733 Dilihat 645 Diunduh

Abstrak

Indonesia menghadapi tantangan keamanan siber yang serius karena sistem data terpusatnya yang rentan terhadap serangan. Teknologi blockchain menawarkan solusi potensial melalui arsitekturnya yang terdesentralisasi, tidak dapat diubah, dan transparan. Studi ini meneliti kesiapan adopsi blockchain di Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para ahli yang dipilih secara purposif dari pemerintah, akademisi, dan organisasi non-pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan mendasar bukanlah masalah teknis. Secara hukum, sifat blockchain yang tidak dapat diubah bertentangan dengan hak warga negara untuk menghapus data pribadi, sementara dari segi kebijakan, prinsip desentralisasi tidak konsisten dengan mandat pemerintah untuk sentralisasi data. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hambatan utama bukanlah masalah teknis, melainkan kurangnya kemauan politik, resistensi birokrasi, dan kendala anggaran. Oleh karena itu, solusi paling realistis untuk Indonesia adalah implementasi model blockchain berizin (permissioned blockchain). Model ini harus dirancang dengan prinsip privasi sejak awal (privacy-by-design) dan harus sesuai dengan standar keamanan siber nasional agar dapat diimplementasikan di tengah tantangan hukum dan kebijakan yang ada.

Kata Kunci:

Baca Naskah Lengkap

Isi lengkap artikel ini tersedia dalam format PDF. Versi resmi yang diterbitkan pada Vol 17 No 3 (2025).

Buka PDF

Daftar Pustaka

51 rujukan
  1. Adawiah, R., Kiptiah, M., & Kamariah, N. (2023). Penerapan Penilaian Sikap Siswa pada Pembelajaran Online. Integralistik, 34(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.15294/integralistik.v34i1.39476
  2. Akhmetbek, Y., & Spacek, D. (2021). Opportunities and Barriers of Using Blockchain in Public Administration: The Case of Real Estate Registration in Kazakhstan. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 14(2), 41–64. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2021-0014
  3. Akib, R., Japri, M., & Kursiswanti, E. T. (2020). Implementasi Pasal 32 Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran atas Tanah di Kota Samarinda (Perkara Perdata Nomor: 27/PDT.G/2016/PN.SMR.). Abdimas Awang Long: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 3(2), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.56301/awal.v3i2.357
  4. Allessie, D., Janssen, M., Ubacht, J., Cunningham, S., & van der Harst, G. (2019). The Consequences of Blockchain Architectures for the Governance of Public Services: A Case Study of the Movement of Excise Goods Under Duty Exemptions. Information Polity, 24(4), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-190151
  5. Bag, S., Viktorovich, D. A., Sahu, A. K., & Sahu, A. K. (2021). Barriers to Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Green Supply Chain Management. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 14(1), 104–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-06-2020-0027
  6. Baihaiqi, M. R., Adillah, S. U., & Hasana, D. (2022). Juridical Overview of the Use of Smart Contracts in Indonesia as a Form of Artificial Intelligence Development. Sultan Agung Notary Law Review, 4(1), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.4.1.111-123
  7. Baso, F., Yusuf, D. U., Djaoe, A. N. M., Iswandi, & Ramadhany, A. (2024). Overview of Smart Contract: Legality and Enforceability. Dialogia Iuridica, 16(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.28932/di.v16i1.10024
  8. Calment, Victorio, Kosasih, C., Claudya, & Joosten. (2024). Penerapan Teknologi Blockchain dalam Meningkatkan Manajemen Rantai Pasokan Perusahaan. Nusantara Journal of Multidisciplinary Science, 2(3), 718–726. https://doi.org/10.60076/njms.v2i4.857
  9. Chen, X., & Lloyd, A. D. (2021). Understanding the Challenges of Blockchain Technology Adoption: Evidence from China’s Developing Carbon Markets. Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2021.685
  10. Chotimah, H. C. (2016). Intergovermental Cooperation Initiative on Sustainable Transportation Management in Jabodetabek. Jurnal Bina Praja, 8(1), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.08.2016.121-133
  11. Daliya, M. S., & Bhandari, A. (2024). The Role of Cybersecurity in Blockchain. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 8(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM30686
  12. Difrancesco, R. M., Meena, P., & Kumar, G. (2023). How Blockchain Technology Improves Sustainable Supply Chain Processes: A Practical Guide. Operations Management Research, 16(2), 620–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-022-00343-y
  13. Ejairu, E., Mhlongo, N. Z., Odeyemi, O., Nwankwo, E. E., & Odunaiya, O. G. (2024). Blockchain in Global Supply Chains: A Comparative Review of USA and African Practices. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 2093–2100. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0278
  14. Falcone, E. C., Steelman, Z. R., & Aloysius, J. A. (2021). Understanding Managers’ Reactions to Blockchain Technologies in the Supply Chain: The Reliable and Unbiased Software Agent. Journal of Business Logistics, 42(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12263
  15. Firman. (2018). Analisis Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328675958
  16. Gong, Y., Zhang, Y., & Alharithi, M. (2022). Supply Chain Finance and Blockchain in Operations Management: A Literature Review. Sustainability, 14(20), 13450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013450
  17. Hayes, A. (2019). The Socio-Technological Lives of Bitcoin. Theory, Culture & Society, 36(4), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276419826218
  18. Hewa, T., Ylianttila, M., & Liyanage, M. (2021). Survey on Blockchain Based Smart Contracts: Applications, Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 177, 102857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2020.102857
  19. Höhne, S., & Tiberius, V. (2020). Powered by Blockchain: Forecasting Blockchain Use in the Electricity Market. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 14(6), 1221–1238. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-10-2019-0002
  20. Indraprakoso, D., & Haripin. (2023). Eksplorasi Potensi Penggunaan Blockchain dalam Optimalisasi Manajemen Pelabuhan di Indonesia: Tinjauan Literatur. Sanskara Manajemen dan Bisnis, 1(3), 140–160. https://doi.org/10.58812/smb.v1i03.131
  21. Jung, S. W. (2022). Universal Redactable Blockchain. Journal of Wireless Mobile Networks, Ubiquitous Computing and Dependable Applications, 13(4), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.58346/JOWUA.2022.I4.005
  22. K. S., M. (2023). Editorial. Ushus Journal of Business Management, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.65.0
  23. Kalla, A., Hewa, T., Mishra, R. A., Ylianttila, M., & Liyanage, M. (2020). The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2020.3014052
  24. Lykidis, I., Drosatos, G., & Rantos, K. (2021). The Use of Blockchain Technology in e-Government Services. Computers, 10(12), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10120168
  25. Makhdoom, I., Abolhasan, M., Abbas, H., & Ni, W. (2019). Blockchain’s Adoption in IoT: The Challenges, and a Way Forward. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 125, 251–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.10.019
  26. Marchenko, V., & Dombrovska, A. (2023). Blockchain Technologies in Digital Economy: Advantages and Challenges. In The Development of Innovations and Financial Technology in the Digital Economy (pp. 189–206). Scientific Center of Innovative Research. https://doi.org/10.36690/DIFTDE-2023-189-206
  27. Marlina, L., Anti, N. T., & Ibrahim. (2023). Pelayanan Administrasi di Kantor UPTD Dukcapil Kecamatan Talang Kelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin. Jurnal Visionary: Penelitian dan Pengembangan di Bidang Administrasi Pendidikan, 11(2), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.33394/vis.v11i2.8770
  28. Maulani, I. E., Herdianto, T., Syawaludin, D. F., & Laksana, M. O. (2023). Penerapan Teknologi Blockchain pada Sistem Keamanan Informasi. Jurnal Sosial Teknologi, 3(2), 99–102. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v3i2.634
  29. Muhamediyeva, D. T., & Khudoyberdiev, A. N. (2023). Problems of Improving Transactions on the Blockchain. Matrix Academic International Online Journal of Engineering and Technology, 6(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21276/MATRIX.2023.6.1.1
  30. Muko, A. (2024). Kajian Smart Contract dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif di Indonesia. Doktrin: Jurnal Dunia Ilmu Hukum dan Politik, 2(2), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.59581/doktrin.v2i2.2517
  31. Munawar, Z., Putri, N. I., Iswanto, & Widhiantoro, D. (2023). Analisis Keamanan pada Teknologi Blockchain. Infotronik: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Elektronika, 8(2), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.32897/infotronik.2023.8.2.2062
  32. Mustafa, G., Rafiq, W., Jhamat, N., Arshad, Z., & Rana, F. A. (2025). Blockchain-Based Governance Models in E-government: A Comprehensive Framework for Legal, Technical, Ethical and Security Considerations. International Journal of Law and Management, 67(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-08-2023-0172
  33. Primawanti, H., & Pangestu, S. (2020). Diplomasi Siber Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Keamanan Siber Melalui Association of South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) Regional Forum. Global Mind, 2(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.53675/jgm.v2i2.89
  34. Ren, Y. (2023). Book Review: The Rise of Blockchains. International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations, 13(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJKBO.327451
  35. Saif, A. N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Haque, A., Akhter, H., Rahman, S. M. M., Jafrin, N., Rupa, R. A., & Mostafa, R. (2022). Blockchain Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Technology Innovation Management Review, 12(1/2). https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1479
  36. Sinaga, D. N., & Putra, E. V. (2021). Identitas Kolektif dalam Aksi Solidaritas Palestina di Kota Padang. Jurnal Perspektif: Jurnal Kajian Sosiologi dan Pendidikan, 4(4), 887–900. https://doi.org/10.24036/perspektif.v4i4.533
  37. Siraz, R. (2023). Penyusunan Analisa Standar Belanja Kota Pekanbaru. Portofolio: Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 20(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.26874/portofolio.v20i1.278
  38. Stephanie, Darianty, R., Ayumi, & Fayola, A. (2024). Tinjauan Literatur terhadap Persiapan dan Tantangan Implementasi Enterprise Architecture di Pemerintahan. Journal of Data Mining and Information Systems, 2(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.54259/jdmis.v2i2.2958
  39. Suprijandoko, F. (2020). Smart-Pusdiklat: Proyeksi Model Scenario Building and Planning dalam Transformasi Pusdiklat BSSN. Jurnal Kewidyaiswaraan, 5(2), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.56971/jwi.v5i2.86
  40. Suretno, M., & Ranggadara, I. (2022). Pengembangan Aplikasi Waste Bank Berbasis Blockchain. Teknika, 11(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.34148/teknika.v11i1.425
  41. Suwardiyati, R., Widhiyanti, H. N., & Wicaksono, S. (2024). Sah atau Tidak Smart Contract dalam Sistem Blockchain? Widya Yuridika: Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.31328/wy.v7i2.5156
  42. Tak, P. (2023, April 27). The Critical Determinants of Application of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Cyber security in the Modern Technology Era. Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.214
  43. Wang, L. (2024). Research on the Impact and Solution Strategies of Blockchain Technology on Data Security and Transparency in Enterprise Digital Transformation. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 103(1), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/103/20242418
  44. Wang, Y., Singgih, M., Wang, J., & Rit, M. (2019). Making Sense of Blockchain Technology: How Will It Transform Supply Chains? International Journal of Production Economics, 211, 221–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.02.002
  45. Wardhana, C. S. (2024). Implementasi Teknologi Blockchain dalam Optimalisasi Keamanan Database Penduduk di Kementerian Dalam Negeri. Action Research Literate, 8(4), 915–921. https://doi.org/10.46799/arl.v8i4.305
  46. Wijaksono, S. D., Trianto, R. H., Ikhtiarman, A. F., Amalia, R., & Jannah, F. (2022). Execution of Blockchain in the World of Archive. Blockchain Frontier Technology, 2(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.34306/bfront.v2i1.115
  47. Xu, X., Weber, I., Staples, M., Zhu, L., Bosch, J., Bass, L., Pautasso, C., & Rimba, P. (2017). A Taxonomy of Blockchain-Based Systems for Architecture Design. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSA.2017.33
  48. Xu, Y., Chong, H.-Y., & Chi, M. (2023). Modelling the Blockchain Adoption Barriers in the AEC Industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(1), 125–153. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2021-0335
  49. Zahra, N., & Amaliyah, N. (2023). Analisis Faktor Rendahnya Literasi Siswa di Kelas 4 SDN Susukan 03 Pagi. Research and Development Journal of Education (RDJE), 9(2), 898–905. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v9i2.19454
  50. Zhang, H., Yi, J.-B., & Wang, Q. (2021). Research on the Collaborative Evolution of Blockchain Industry Ecosystems in Terms of Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 13(21), 11567. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111567
  51. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2017). An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends. 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1109/BigDataCongress.2017.85

Hak Cipta & Lisensi Akses Terbuka

Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Penulis. Artikel ini dilisensikan di bawah CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.

Artikel paling banyak dibaca berdasarkan penulis yang sama