Kesiapan Adopsi Blockchain
Perspektif Pakar tentang Kebijakan, Implementasi, dan Tata Kelola di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2681Kata Kunci:
Blockchain, Keamanan Siber, Pemerintah, Blockchain Berizin, Kebijakan PublikAbstrak
Indonesia menghadapi tantangan keamanan siber yang serius karena sistem data terpusatnya yang rentan terhadap serangan. Teknologi blockchain menawarkan solusi potensial melalui arsitekturnya yang terdesentralisasi, tidak dapat diubah, dan transparan. Studi ini meneliti kesiapan adopsi blockchain di Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para ahli yang dipilih secara purposif dari pemerintah, akademisi, dan organisasi non-pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan mendasar bukanlah masalah teknis. Secara hukum, sifat blockchain yang tidak dapat diubah bertentangan dengan hak warga negara untuk menghapus data pribadi, sementara dari segi kebijakan, prinsip desentralisasi tidak konsisten dengan mandat pemerintah untuk sentralisasi data. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hambatan utama bukanlah masalah teknis, melainkan kurangnya kemauan politik, resistensi birokrasi, dan kendala anggaran. Oleh karena itu, solusi paling realistis untuk Indonesia adalah implementasi model blockchain berizin (permissioned blockchain). Model ini harus dirancang dengan prinsip privasi sejak awal (privacy-by-design) dan harus sesuai dengan standar keamanan siber nasional agar dapat diimplementasikan di tengah tantangan hukum dan kebijakan yang ada.
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