Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025)

Universal Health Coverage in Indonesia is implemented through the National Health Insurance (JKN) managed by BPJS Kesehatan. In East Nusa Tenggara, RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes and RSU Siloam Kupang serve as top referral centers for BPJS patients, yet variations in public service standards persist. In this study, the researcher used a sequential explanatory mixed-method design, combining quantitative factor analysis with qualitative exploration using NVivo. The study involved BPJS patients in inpatient, outpatient, and emergency units at RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes (n = 13,958) and RSU Siloam Kupang (n = 10,192) during 2023, with stratified samples surveyed and interviewed on dimensions of public service standards. Factor analysis indicated RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes excelled in requirements, procedures, and service time, while RSU Siloam Kupang outperformed in facilities, complaint handling, and performance evaluation. NVivo outputs highlighted recurring issues of “complaints,” “time,” and “information,” signaling systemic gaps in both institutions. RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes reflects stronger procedural clarity and timeliness consistent with public service norms but requires modernization of infrastructure and complaint systems. RSU Siloam Kupang demonstrates superior physical resources and digital complaint management yet faces delays and complex administrative flows for BPJS patients. Institutional structures and managerial approaches shape these differences, emphasizing the need for alignment with Law No. 25/2009 and New Public Service principles to ensure equitable, responsive care.

Digital transformation in the public administration sector has triggered significant changes in governance, with a focus on improving transparency, efficiency, and strengthening public trust through the implementation of e-Government initiatives. In Indonesia, where there is a tendency toward skepticism toward government institutions, the use of digital solutions such as the SiMAWAS platform implemented in Pekalongan Regency aims to strengthen internal oversight. This study proposes the development of an online consultation feature on the SiMAWAS platform to address the limitations of one-way communication that have hitherto constrained productive interaction between the Internal Government Oversight Agency (APIP) and the entities under its supervision. By adopting a design-based research approach based on the Lean User Experience (Lean UX) methodology, this study identifies user needs through documentation studies, informal interviews, and non-participant observations. A high-level prototype was developed using Figma, which includes consultation features, automated route settings, and real-time notification systems. Prototype testing was conducted using the Cognitive Walkthroughs and System Usability Scale (SUS) methods, involving 30 respondents, with an average SUS score of 82.5, indicating a good level of usability. The developed feature enables two-way communication, reduces response time, and enhances transparency through clear and open documentation of interactions. Despite challenges in terms of digital literacy and limited internet access, inclusive user-based design provides a more accessible solution for various user groups. The findings of this study contribute a practical model that can be adapted by local governments to strengthen internal oversight functions by utilizing interactive digital tools, in line with e-Government principles of creating accountability and expanding public engagement.

Indonesia faces serious cybersecurity challenges due to its centralized data systems, which are vulnerable to attack. Blockchain technology offers potential solutions through its decentralized, immutable, and transparent architecture. This study examines the readiness for blockchain adoption in Indonesia using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with purposively selected experts from government, academia, and non-governmental organizations. The results indicate that the fundamental challenges are non-technical. Legally, blockchain’s immutable nature conflicts with citizens’ right to delete personal data, while policy-wise, the principle of decentralization is inconsistent with the government’s mandate for data centralization. The findings suggest that the primary obstacles are not technical issues, but rather a lack of political will, bureaucratic resistance, and budget constraints. Therefore, the most realistic solution for Indonesia is the implementation of a permissioned blockchain model. This model must be designed with privacy-by-design principles and must comply with national cybersecurity standards to be implemented amidst existing legal and policy challenges.

The sustained use of technology is pivotal for ensuring the enduring impact of innovations and improving the quality of services within organizations. The long-term success of Information System (IS)/Information Technology (IT) initiatives hinges not merely on their initial adoption but on their continued use. Therefore, understanding the factors that motivate users to consistently engage with new technologies is essential for evaluating the success and sustainability of such projects. Despite this importance, most research in this domain has primarily focused on user acceptance rather than continued usage. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring how citizens’ perceptions of usefulness and satisfaction influence their intention to continue using mobile government services. A survey was conducted with 254 Indonesian citizens who had interacted with mobile government platforms. The analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), with three primary constructs measured: perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and continuance intention to use m-government services. The R² value of the structural model indicates that 83.6% of the variation in continuance intention to use m-government services is explained by perceived usefulness and satisfaction. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness exerts a more substantial influence on continuance intention than satisfaction. The theoretical contribution of this study enhances the understanding of the factors influencing continued use within the context of m-government, while the practical contribution provides insights for policymakers to design more effective and engaging m-government services.

Background of Study: The circulation of narcotics in Indonesia has evolved into a complex, asymmetrical threat, demanding a policy reorientation from a purely punitive approach (war on drugs) to collaborative governance, especially following the enactment of Law No. 1 of 2023 (the National Criminal Code). The problem: A repressive penal approach has proven unsuccessful in reducing prevalence and has instead led to extreme overcapacity in correctional institutions, while regional autonomy has not been optimal in supporting prevention due to sectoral egos. Gap of Study: There has been no comprehensive study that integrates the analysis of the new criminal law transition with the collaborative governance model of local government. Theory: This study uses Friedman’s Legal System Theory (Grand), Barda Nawawi Arief’s Criminal Policy (Middle-Range), and Ansell & Gash’s Collaborative Governance (Applied). Aim: Analyzing the harmonization of penal-non-penal policies and reconstructing a collaborative governance model. Research Question: How is the harmonization of legal construction after Law No. 1 of 2023 and how does the collaborative model overcome institutional fragmentation? Method: Juridical-normative with a sociological approach based on secondary data. Results: The National Criminal Code changes the death penalty into a special penalty with a probationary period, requiring the readiness of a rehabilitation structure. Discussion: The failure of penal is due to the disorientation of the legal structure, while non-penal is hampered by weak regional institutional design. Conclusion: Effective drug control requires a balance between criminal policy and facilitative regional leadership. Recommendation: Implementation of the Hexa-Helix collaboration model and integration of P4GN indicators into regional development planning documents (RPJMD/IKU) and the issuance of rehabilitative prosecution guidelines.

Food security is a critical aspect of regional development, particularly in metropolitan areas that function as centers of consumption, production, and distribution. This study aims to identify leading food commodities in the PEKANSIKAWAN Metropolitan Area of Riau Province, which includes Pekanbaru City, Kampar Regency, Siak Regency, and Pelalawan Regency, and to provide recommendations for strengthening regional food security. The research employed Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) to examine comparative and competitive advantages across the four regions. The analysis identified four key commodities: poultry meat in Pekanbaru City, aquaculture fish in Kampar Regency, rice and onions in Siak Regency, and agroindustry-based rice and fish in Pelalawan Regency. These commodities form a complementary system that enhances interregional synergy and food supply resilience. The findings indicate that optimizing interregional linkages through collaborative investment, integrated supply chains, and food system clusters is essential to address both production disparities and consumption needs. The conclusion emphasizes that the metropolitan scale provides unique opportunities to combine local strengths into a coherent regional food system, which can better support the availability, accessibility, and stability of food. Policy implications highlight the need for strategic investment in irrigation, cold chain logistics, and digital market platforms, alongside institutional strengthening through farmer cooperatives, financial access, and capacity building. The study contributes scientifically by integrating territorial analysis with quantitative methods in a metropolitan context, offering both theoretical enrichment for food security literature and practical guidance for regional policymakers.

These days, local governments keep running into friction between official bureaucracy and the deep-rooted customs of their communities. In Bungo Regency, Indonesia, this tension really came to the surface after Local Regulation No. 9 of 2007 swapped out the term “Village Head” for the traditional title “Rio.” This study examines how that change has shaken up how local leaders see themselves and how they operate. I took a close look at Bungo through interviews with 25 key people, combed through legal documents, and even hung out (virtually) in the “Pesan Bungo” WhatsApp group to see how things play out day to day. The big questions: How do these local leaders juggle their official duties and their traditional roles? What does this new title actually change on the ground? And what should policymakers take away from all this? Here’s what I found. The Rio isn’t just picking a side—they’re constantly switching hats, sometimes acting by the book, leaning into tradition, and often working behind the scenes through informal networks. They’re like fixers, piecing together Solutions from whatever’s at hand. On one hand, using the Rio title boosts their credibility with both the government and the local community. It gives them more room to maneuver and negotiate what leadership means. But there’s a flip side: it can also concentrate power in a few hands and turn tradition into just another tool for influence. Bottom line? Changing administrative titles isn’t just a surface-level move. It turns local government into a battleground for power and meaning. If public value and inclusivity matter, then governance needs to stay flexible and responsive—ready to adapt as these tensions play out.

The public health level is a crucial indicator for evaluating the success of health sector development. In Sukabumi Regency, characterized by diverse geography and socio-economic conditions, there are notable variations in the Public Health Degree Index (PHDI) across regions. This study employs Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) using Tosmana QCA software to explore the combinations of factors that influence PHDI outcomes. Data were collected from the Sukabumi District Health Office, the Central Statistics Agency, and other secondary sources. The aim is to analyze regional differences in community health and identify the sets of factors that drive high or low PHDI levels. Results show that Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (CHLB) and sanitation are the most consistent determinants of high PHDI, even in contexts with limited health facilities and budgets. Conversely, improvements in health infrastructure and financial resources are effective only when paired with strengthened CHLB and sanitation practices. Interestingly, extreme poverty does not necessarily hinder achieving a high PHDI if healthy behaviors and environmental sanitation are well-established. On the other hand, areas with low PHDI typically suffer from a combination of unhealthy behaviors and poor sanitation, despite having adequate infrastructure and funding. These insights highlight the need for targeted, area-specific intervention strategies that prioritize enhancing healthy living behaviors and sanitation, along with optimizing health facilities and financial support.

Stunting is a multidimensional issue whose management depends on cross-sectoral coordination. However, in Indonesia's regional bureaucracy, which is still influenced by patrimonialism, formal coordination is often ineffective, creating tensions between hierarchical policy design and the reality of decentralized implementation. This research uses a qualitative case study design in Pahandut District, Palangka Raya City. The location selection was based not only on the prevalence of stunting (20.8%) but also on its urban-rural hybrid characteristics, which offer an ideal setting for testing Winter's implementation model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine key informants, participant observation, and document analysis, and were then analyzed thematically using triangulation. The stunting policy implementation was determined more by the agency of field actors and informal networks (e.g., WhatsApp groups) than by formal structures. Family Assistance Teams (TPK) acted as street-level bureaucrats, using discretionary resources such as local language use and context-based education to address system limitations. However, they faced minimal incentives and data fragmentation. The findings enrich Winter's model by introducing the concept of "informal governance resilience," the ability of a policy system to survive through informal mechanisms when formal governance fails. Recommendations include institutionalizing informal practices, providing appropriate incentives for TPK, and designing policies that are responsive to local structural barriers.

Waste management in Malang City involves diverse stakeholders with unequal power, legitimacy, and urgency, leading to coordination challenges and gaps in policy implementation. This study aims to analyze the configuration of waste management stakeholders using the Stakeholder Salience Framework to identify stakeholder classes, map interests, and explain the implications of attributing imbalances on governance failure. A qualitative approach was used to collect data through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Informants were purposively selected from government actors, technical units, the private sector, waste management startups, communities, and the public. Findings indicate that formal power is concentrated among government stakeholders, who are the dominant and definitive actors. At the same time, the urgency of waste management lies with community stakeholders, technical units, and field actors. This configuration demonstrates an imbalance that creates a structural disconnect between policy formulation and operational practices, leading to policies that are administrative, less responsive, and lack substantive collaboration. These findings confirm that governance failure is not solely due to weak coordination but rather to the unequal distribution of stakeholder attributes. Conceptually, this study extends the application of the stakeholder salience framework by showing that the level of salience is dynamic and can be engineered through institutional interventions that reorganize the distribution of power in urban waste governance.

The practice of money politics is eroding the integrity of local democracy in Indonesia, which ranks third worldwide in this phenomenon. This study analyzes the implementation of the “Supervision-Aware Villages and Anti-Money Politics” program in Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi, as a response to the failure of formal institutions to address electoral violations. This study used qualitative methods, collecting data through in-depth interviews with 17 informants from five villages, participant observation, and document analysis, and analyzing them thematically. The findings indicate that the program succeeded in building critical awareness and selective community participation, primarily through the utilization of local norms of siri’ na pacce and the informal leadership of village heads. The synergy between the General Elections Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), village governments, and communities creates a collaborative oversight space, despite facing structural barriers such as a culture of silence, budget constraints, and the absence of legal protection for whistleblowers. This study extends participatory governance theory by demonstrating that the effectiveness of collaborative governance in regions depends on local cultural norms’ ability to mediate citizen engagement in electoral oversight—a dynamic that clarifies the limits of the theory in contexts with weak formal institutions. Policy implications emphasize the need to institutionalize the program into village governance, integrate it with economic empowerment, and provide adequate whistleblower protection mechanisms to ensure sustainability.

Since the 1980s, Corporate University has evolved into a systematic human resource development strategy that integrates individual development with organizational goals. In the public sector, the New Public Management paradigm encourages the adoption of private-sector managerial practices to improve bureaucratic effectiveness, foster a culture of continuous learning, and strengthen institutional capabilities. In Indonesia, the implementation of Corporate University remains limited, particularly in technical ministries such as the Ministry of Transportation (Kemenhub), where some employees do not yet understand the Corporate University concept, training is not yet needs-based, and HR planning mechanisms such as the Individual Development Plan (IDP) and Human Capital Development Plan (HCDP) have not been consistently implemented. This study evaluates the institutional readiness of the Ministry of Transportation to implement in Corporate University using a mixed-methods approach with a Sequential Explanatory design. Quantitative analysis of 396 Civil Servants shows an average institutional readiness of 52.6% (Intermediate Low category), with the highest institutional structure (89.6%) and the lowest learning strategy (30.5%). Qualitative analysis confirms that despite strong structural foundations and technological support, the implementation of experiential learning, cross-unit collaboration, and system integration with IDP/HCDP remains limited. Triangulation results reveal a gap between formal readiness and operational effectiveness, emphasizing the need to strengthen coordination, internal capacity, and digital integration. These findings provide conceptual contributions to the Corporate University literature in the public sector and practical support for the Ministry of Transportation in building an adaptive, sustainable, and results-oriented civil servant learning system that supports innovative and collaborative bureaucratic transformation.

This study aims to formulate a revitalization model for Regional Flagship Products (PLUD) into Regional Flagship Products (RFP) in Musi Rawas Regency, by integrating the Wellbeing Methodology and the Dodeca-Helix collaboration ecosystem. The revocation of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 9 of 2014 has created a regulatory vacuum, requiring local governments to proactively formulate policies grounded in empirical evidence. Through a mixed-methods approach, primary data were collected from 885 representative respondents. Evaluation was conducted using the Perception, Participation, and Acceptability Index (PPA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The results showed that the MR-RFP Feasibility Index was at 5.67 (moderate category). A “High Readiness, Low Literacy Paradox” was observed, in which community enthusiasm is very high but conceptual understanding of innovation, governance, and financial literacy remains low. Aspiration analysis reveals a dualism in economic vision: palm oil and rice represent commodity stability, while coffee, culinary arts, and batik represent the experience economy. Based on MCDA, Padi Dayang Rindu and Kopi Selangit are designated as the main flagship candidates due to their superior geographical indications, with palm oil downstreaming as a strategic supporting product. Ten public strategic imperatives absolutely demand a shift in government and regional government intervention from physical infrastructure development to providing software capacity in the form of digital marketing, branding, and improving human resource quality. This study recommends the institutionalization of an innovation ecosystem through the Dodeca-Helix model to orchestrate 12 stakeholders in realizing the Musi Rawas MANTAB 2025-2029 vision.

Digital transformation through e-government policy has become a strategic agenda of the Indonesian government in realizing effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable governance. One form of e-government implementation in the personnel sector is the utilization of the Personnel Management Information System (SIMPEG) developed by the Bali Province Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency (BKPSDM/HR). Although it has been implemented systematically, the implementation of SIMPEG still faces various challenges, especially related to system integration, data updating, and human resource readiness. This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government policy through SIMPEG in BKPSDM Bali Province, as well as to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Research informants were determined purposively, including the leaders and main managers of SIMPEG. Data analysis was carried out using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the implementation of e-government through SIMPEG has been running with the support of regulations, infrastructure, and strong leadership commitment, but is still at the interaction and transaction stage and has not achieved integrated digital bureaucratic transformation. The main problems encountered include fragmented system governance, limited interoperability with the central personnel system, the digital literacy gap among civil servants, and resistance to changes in work culture. These findings confirm that the success of e-government is determined not only by technological readiness, but also by organizational and human resource factors. This research provides conceptual and practical contributions in strengthening e-government implementation in the public sector, particularly in encouraging data-driven and sustainable digital transformation of personnel.

The recognition of indigenous communities in Indonesia has increasingly been strengthened through regional regulations. Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2019 recognizes the Sebyar indigenous community and positioning tribal chiefs as key actors in the implementation of customary governance. This study aims to analyze the role of the Sebyar Tribal Chief in the implementation of Teluk Bintuni Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2019 concerning the Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Communities and to examine the forms of customary governance that emerged after the regulation, including the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing its implementation. This study employed a descriptive qualitative with a case study design conducted in Tomu Kampong. Data were collected between October and November 2024 through in-depth interview, observation, and documentation studies. The sample consisted of 11 informants, including the Sebyar tribal chief, local government officials, community leaders, and members of the indigenous community. The findings indicate that the Sebyar tribal chief plays a strategic role as a formulator of customary policies, negotiator of customary rights, conflict mediator, and initiator of basic infrastructure development. Following the regional regulation, customary governance underwent a transformation with formal recognition of customary law, enabling the tribal chief to function not only as a customary leader but also as a social mediator, helping restore social harmony through customary rituals and symbols of peace. The regulation’s implementation is supported by customary legitimacy, community support, and cross-actor synergy, but is hampered by limited infrastructure, shifting values among the younger generation, weak administrative capacity, and low corporate commitment to local culture. In conclusion, the success of regional regulations is determined not only by formal regulations, but also by the social legitimacy of tribal chiefs and the socio-cultural conditions of the community. Tribal chiefs are key actors in bridging formal regulations with customary practices who functioned as political-cultural instruments that strengthen customary rights and the sustainability of indigenous communities in Teluk Bintuni.