Harmonisasi Kebijakan Pidana dan Non-pidana dalam Tata Kelola Pengendalian Narkotika di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2836Kata Kunci:
Badan Narkotika Nasional, Manajemen Narkotika, Tata Kelola Kolaboratif, Kebijakan Pidana dan Non-pidana, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana NasionalAbstrak
Latar Belakang Studi: Peredaran narkotika di Indonesia telah berkembang menjadi ancaman yang kompleks dan asimetris, menuntut reorientasi kebijakan dari pendekatan yang murni punitif (perang melawan narkoba) ke tata kelola kolaboratif, terutama setelah diberlakukannya Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2023 (KUHP Nasional). Permasalahan: Pendekatan hukuman yang represif terbukti tidak berhasil mengurangi prevalensi dan malah menyebabkan kelebihan kapasitas yang ekstrem di lembaga pemasyarakatan, sementara otonomi daerah belum optimal dalam mendukung pencegahan karena adanya ego sektoral. Kesenjangan Studi: Belum ada studi komprehensif yang mengintegrasikan analisis transisi hukum pidana baru dengan model tata kelola kolaboratif pemerintah daerah. Teori: Studi ini menggunakan Teori Sistem Hukum Friedman (Grand), Kebijakan Pidana Barda Nawawi Arief (Middle-Range), dan Tata Kelola Kolaboratif Ansell & Gash (Applied). Tujuan: Menganalisis harmonisasi kebijakan pidana dan non-pidana serta merekonstruksi model tata kelola kolaboratif. Pertanyaan Penelitian: Bagaimana harmonisasi konstruksi hukum setelah UU No. 1 Tahun 2023 dan bagaimana model kolaboratif mengatasi fragmentasi kelembagaan? Metode: Yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan sosiologis berdasarkan data sekunder. Hasil: KUHP Nasional mengubah hukuman mati menjadi hukuman khusus dengan masa percobaan, yang membutuhkan kesiapan struktur rehabilitasi. Diskusi: Kegagalan penegakan pidana disebabkan oleh disorientasi struktur hukum, sedangkan non-pidana terhambat oleh lemahnya desain kelembagaan regional. Kesimpulan: Pengendalian narkoba yang efektif membutuhkan keseimbangan antara kebijakan pidana dan kepemimpinan regional yang fasilitatif. Rekomendasi: Implementasi model kolaborasi Hexa-Helix dan integrasi indikator P4GN ke dalam dokumen perencanaan pembangunan daerah (RPJMD/IKU) serta penerbitan pedoman penuntutan rehabilitatif.
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