Skip to main content
Original Research Article Open Access SINTA 2 Accredited

Governance Innovation Through SiMAWAS

Impact Analysis and Service Enhancement for Strengthening Internal Supervision

DOI
10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2671
Published & Pages
17 December 2025
Manuscript History
Received3 Aug 2025 Accepted23 Nov 2025 Published17 Dec 2025

849 Views 839 Downloads

Abstract

Digital transformation in the public administration sector has triggered significant changes in governance, with a focus on improving transparency, efficiency, and strengthening public trust through the implementation of e-Government initiatives. In Indonesia, where there is a tendency toward skepticism toward government institutions, the use of digital solutions such as the SiMAWAS platform implemented in Pekalongan Regency aims to strengthen internal oversight. This study proposes the development of an online consultation feature on the SiMAWAS platform to address the limitations of one-way communication that have hitherto constrained productive interaction between the Internal Government Oversight Agency (APIP) and the entities under its supervision. By adopting a design-based research approach based on the Lean User Experience (Lean UX) methodology, this study identifies user needs through documentation studies, informal interviews, and non-participant observations. A high-level prototype was developed using Figma, which includes consultation features, automated route settings, and real-time notification systems. Prototype testing was conducted using the Cognitive Walkthroughs and System Usability Scale (SUS) methods, involving 30 respondents, with an average SUS score of 82.5, indicating a good level of usability. The developed feature enables two-way communication, reduces response time, and enhances transparency through clear and open documentation of interactions. Despite challenges in terms of digital literacy and limited internet access, inclusive user-based design provides a more accessible solution for various user groups. The findings of this study contribute a practical model that can be adapted by local governments to strengthen internal oversight functions by utilizing interactive digital tools, in line with e-Government principles of creating accountability and expanding public engagement.

Read the Full Text

The full text of this article is available as PDF. Version of record published in Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025).

Open PDF

References

40 references
  1. Abdulkareem, A. K., & Mohd Ramli, R. (2021). Evaluating the Performance of E-government: Does Citizens’ Access to ICT Matter? Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.3.03
  2. Abrory, Y., Fahlevvi, M. R., & Tambi, N. (2025). Institutional Pressures and Artificial Intelligent Adoption in Indonesia’s Public Sector: A Case Study of Jabar Digital Services. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 16(2), 192–225. https://doi.org/10.18196/jsp.v16i2.407
  3. Abrory, Y., Kamil, W. A., & Zahrati, W. (2025). Usability Testing Website Pelayanan Publik SILETON Kabupaten Agam dengan Metode SEQ dan SUS. Jurnal Terapan Pemerintahan Minangkabau, 5(1), 41–55. https://ejournal.ipdn.ac.id/index.php/jtpm/article/view/4867
  4. Adinegoro, R., Suakanto, S., Fakhrurroja, H., & Hardiyanti, M. (2023). Comparison of UI/UX Development Using Design Thinking vs Lean UX: A Comparative Study. 2023 3rd International Conference on Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System (ICE3IS), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE3IS59323.2023.10335225
  5. Alberti, V., & Brajnik, G. (2020). A Lean UX Approach for the Engineering User Interfaces in the Square Kilometre Array Project. In J. C. Guzman & J. Ibsen (Eds.), Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy VI (p. 44). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562544
  6. Alhammad, M. M., & Moreno, A. M. (2022). Integrating User Experience Into Agile: An Experience Report on Lean UX and Scrum. 2022 IEEE/ACM 44th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training (ICSE-SEET), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSE-SEET55299.2022.9794220
  7. Alzaabi, A., Metawa, N., & Marks, A. (2025). The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Government Service Delivery in the UAE: A Literature Review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 15(5), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.19311
  8. Aman, A., Imtihan, K., & Rodi, M. (2025). Evaluating User Satisfaction and Public Engagement in Local Government Social Media. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology, 5(3), 235–248. https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.905
  9. Budiono, A., Ngestiningrum, A. H., Nurani, S., Rizka, R., Nurhayati, N., Sari, S. D., Muhammadi, F., & Jayanuarto, R. (2022). Large-scale Social Restrictions and Public Community Activity Restriction Legal Policy to Decrease COVID-19 Infections Effectivity to Handling COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8325
  10. Bunga, M. S., Mulyani, E., & Fikri, Moh. A. (2023). Electronic Design of Indramayu Surveillance System (e-SIPENYU) Website-Based SMART Method. E3S Web of Conferences, 448, 02055. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344802055
  11. Cheong, N., Li, L., & Wang, X. (2022). Evaluation in Development of E-Government: Taking Macao E-Government as An Example. 2022 15th International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACTE55855.2022.9943717
  12. Daniore, P., Hurndall, K.-H., Zavattaro, F., Leis, M., & Gille, F. (2025). Fostering Public Trust in National Health Data Platforms: Key Considerations for Public Involvement Activities for England and Switzerland. Data & Policy, 7, e20. https://doi.org/10.1017/dap.2024.95
  13. Djatmiko, G. H., Sinaga, O., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). Digital Transformation and Social Inclusion in Public Services: A Qualitative Analysis of E-Government Adoption for Marginalized Communities in Sustainable Governance. Sustainability, 17(7), 2908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072908
  14. Effendy, F. I., & Legowo, N. (2025). Enhancing Data Management for Decision Support Systems in Indonesian Government Internal Audit: A DMBOK Approach. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 16(7), 706–715.
  15. Fadrial, R., Sujianto, S., Tua Ricky Freddy Simanjuntak, H., Wirman, W., & Setiawan Wibowo, W. (2024). Fostering Trust Through Bytes: Unravelling the Impact of E-Government on Public Trust in Indonesian Local Government. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 19, 015. https://doi.org/10.28945/5317
  16. Feleke, H., & Lessa, L. (2024). Maturity as a Critical Sustainability Factor for e-Government: Toward a Conceptual Framework. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 90(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12308
  17. Gonzalez-González, C. S. (2023). Introducing Speculative Design, Gender, and AI in Lean UX for HCI Education. XXIII International Conference on Human Computer Interaction, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3612783.3612801
  18. Gothelf, J. (2013). Lean UX: Applying Lean Principles to Improve User Experience. O’Reilly Media, Inc.
  19. Gunawan, B., Ratmono, B. M., & Setyoko, P. I. (2023). Digital Transformation in Public Management Functions for Public Information Disclosure. Journal of Governance, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.31506/jog.v8i3.20451
  20. Khattab, S. A., Shaar, I., Al Abbadi, L., Kalbouneh, A. Y., & Alhyasat, W. B. (2024). The Relationship Between E-government Effectiveness and E-government Use: The Mediating Effect of Online Trust and the Moderating Effect of Habit. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 102(9), 3917–3936.
  21. Krout, K., Carrascal, J. P., & Lowdermilk, T. (2020). Lean UX Research at Scale. Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2020, 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1145/3404983.3405587
  22. Lermen, F. H., de Moura, P. K., Bertoni, V. B., Graciano, P., & Tortorella, G. L. (2023). Does Maturity Level Influence the Use of Agile UX Methods by Digital Startups? Evaluating Design Thinking, Lean Startup, and Lean User Experience. Information and Software Technology, 154, 107107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.107107
  23. Lubis, H. Z., Sari, M., Ramadhany, A. A., Ovami, D. C., & Brutu, I. R. (2024). Effect of Internal Audit, Internal Control, and Audit Quality on Fraud Prevention: Evidence From the Public Sector in Indonesia. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(2), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(2).2024.04
  24. Mardhiana, H., Zunaidi, R. A., Fuady, A. I., Resmi Purbantari, A. D., & Syafani, F. A. (2022). ITTS Mart: Mobile Application Design using Lean-UX. 2022 6th International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE), 535–540. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITISEE57756.2022.10057688
  25. Marthasari, G. I., Praadita, F. N., & Wiyono, B. S. (2025). Aplikasi Metode Lean User Experience dan System Usability Scale pada Analisis, Perancangan, dan Evaluasi Antarmuka Aplikasi Mobile. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer, 12(2), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.1225762
  26. Mensah, I. K., & Mwakapesa, D. S. (2025). The Impact of E-Government Information Quality (EGIQ) Dimensions on the Adoption of Electronic Government Services. Information Development, 41(2), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669231155164
  27. Moreira, S. M. V., Bonifácio, B. A., de Araújo, R. P., Neto, J. P., & Soares, T. (2023, October 21). How Good UX Design Enhances the Value of Quality Products: An Experience Report on Applying Integrated UX Lean in Scrum. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Applied Computing 2023 and 22nd International Conference on WWW/Internet 2023, Held in Madeira Island, Portugal from 21 to 23 October 2023. https://doi.org/10.33965/ICWI_AC_2023_202307L018
  28. Nazarwin, Manik, Y. M., Sudirman, A. N., & Lubis, I. S. (2025). Enhancing Audit Quality: Key Factors and the Role of Rewards in Government Internal Audits at the Financial Audit Agency of North Sumatra. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1), 792–806. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.5873
  29. Patergiannaki, Z., & Pollalis, Y. (2023). E-Government Maturity Assessment: Evidence From Greek Municipalities. Policy & Internet, 15(1), 6–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.317
  30. Shafie, N., Salam, S., Ahmad Fesol, S. F., & Rusdi, J. F. (2023). Factors Influencing Technology Acceptance for Ubiquitous Public Transportation Services in Tourism. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 12(6), 3869–3879. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i6.5822
  31. Shark, A. R. (2025). AI as Centerpiece of Digital Convergence: Applications, Governance, and the Future. In The Art of Digital Governance (pp. 289–307). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-00514-4_15
  32. Shi, W., & Zhang, Z. (2025). Exploring the Role of Digital Governance: The Effect of Audit Digitalization on Firms’ Internal Control Weaknesses in China. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 56, 100756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2025.100756
  33. Skålén, P., & Trischler, J. (2025). Public Services As Practices: Towards a Framework for Understanding Co-creation and Co-destruction of Private and Public Value. Public Management Review, 27(9), 2194–2213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2024.2418376
  34. Sutaryo, N. A., & Anto, A. T. (2023). The Effectiveness of Government Internal Auditor: Evidence From Indonesia. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 19(4), 417–457. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2023.134920
  35. Teixeira, G. V., & Zaina, L. A. M. (2022). Using Lean Personas to the Description of UX-related Requirements: A Study with Software Startup Professionals. International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS - Proceedings, 2, 211–222. https://doi.org/10.5220/0011033200003179
  36. Tjandra, R., Harjanto, N., Nurim, Y., & Wijaya, N. R. (2024). The Determinants of Local Government Information Systems Effectiveness. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 13(3), 350–363.
  37. Wazin, Maskuroh, N., & Ansori, A. (2025). Optimizing Artificial Intelligence in Fiduciary Supervision Systems in Accordance With Islamic Legal Principles. Petita: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Syariah, 10(1), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v10i1.681
  38. Wei, J., & Zhang, T. (2025). Impact Factors of Open Government Information in the Era of E-Government. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 940. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05250-8
  39. Wu, X., & Chong, A. (2021, December 12). A Review of Predictors in E-Government Adoption Research. ICIS 2021 Proceedings. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2021/iot_smart/iot_smart/4
  40. Yanuarisa, Y., Irianto, G., Djamhuri, A., & Rusydi, M. K. (2025). Exploring the Internal Audit of Public Procurement Governance: A Systematic Literature Review. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2485411

Copyright & Open Access License

Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). This article is licensed under CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.