Beralih ke bagian utama
Artikel Riset Asli Akses Terbuka Terakreditasi SINTA 2

Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis di Indonesia di bawah Presiden Prabowo

Analisis Kebijakan, Fiskal, dan Politik Berdasarkan Bukti Internasional

Penulis

  • Markus Hadinata
DOI
10.21787/jbp.18.2026.2896
Tanggal Terbit & Halaman
21 Mei 2026 · Hlm. 65-78
Riwayat Naskah
Diterima21 Jan 2026 Disetujui21 Apr 2026 Terbit21 Mei 2026
Lisensi
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Baca PDF 550 KB Kutip

2.982 Dilihat 1.831 Diunduh

Abstrak

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) adalah kebijakan strategis pemerintah yang diperkenalkan di bawah Presiden Prabowo Subianto Indonesia, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan status gizi anak, mengurangi stunting, dan memperkuat kualitas sumber daya manusia. Meskipun manfaat program pemberian makan di sekolah telah terbukti secara global, studi komprehensif tentang efektivitas program MBG dalam konteks kapasitas regulasi dan kelembagaan Indonesia masih terbatas. Artikel ini menganalisis program MBG menggunakan pendekatan kebijakan publik berbasis bukti dan lensa ekonomi politik, berdasarkan tinjauan artikel jurnal internasional yang terindeks Scopus, buku-buku akademis, dan kerangka regulasi nasional. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa program pemberian makan di sekolah memiliki efek positif pada status gizi anak, kehadiran di sekolah, dan hasil belajar; namun, efektivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas tata kelola, keamanan pangan, koordinasi lintas sektoral, dan keberlanjutan fiskal. Berdasarkan temuan ini, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa program MBG memiliki potensi yang cukup besar sebagai kebijakan transformatif. Meskipun demikian, tanpa desain fiskal yang baik, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan mekanisme akuntabilitas publik yang kuat, kebijakan ini berisiko menjadi intervensi populis yang mahal dan tidak berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci:

Baca Naskah Lengkap

Isi lengkap artikel ini tersedia dalam format PDF. Versi resmi yang diterbitkan pada Vol 18 No 1 (2026).

Buka PDF

Daftar Pustaka

42 rujukan
  1. Adelman, S., Gilligan, D., & Lehrer, K. (2008). How Effective are Food for Education Programs? A Critical Assessment of the Evidence from Developing Countries. International Food Policy Research Institute.
  2. Afridi, F. (2010). Child Welfare Programs and Child Nutrition: Evidence From a Mandated School Meal Program in India. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.02.002
  3. Alderman, H. (2010). Safety Nets Can Help Address the Risks to Nutrition from Increasing Climate Variability,. The Journal of Nutrition, 140(1), 148S-152S. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.110825
  4. Alderman, H., Aurino, E., Baffour, P. T., Gelli, A., Turkson, F. E., & Wong, B. (2025). Assessing the Overall Benefits of Programs Enhancing Human Capital and Equity: A New Method With an Application to School Meals. Economics of Education Review, 106, 102646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102646
  5. Alderman, H., & Bundy, D. (2012). School Feeding Programs and Development: Are We Framing the Question Correctly? The World Bank Research Observer, 27(2), 204–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkr005
  6. Aurino, E., Tranchant, J.-P., Sekou Diallo, A., & Gelli, A. (2019). School Feeding or General Food Distribution? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Educational Impacts of Emergency Food Assistance during Conflict in Mali. The Journal of Development Studies, 55(sup1), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2019.1687874
  7. Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A Review of Child Stunting Determinants in Indonesia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 14(4), e12617. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617
  8. Black, R. E., Victora, C. G., Walker, S. P., Bhutta, Z. A., Christian, P., de Onis, M., Ezzati, M., Grantham-McGregor, S., Katz, J., Martorell, R., & Uauy, R. (2013). Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. The Lancet, 382(9890), 427–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
  9. Bundy, D. A. P., de Silva, N., Horton, S., Jamison, D. T., & Patton, G. C. (2020). Re-Imagining School Feeding: A High-Return Investment in Human Capital and Local Economies. The World Bank Group.
  10. Chakraborty, T., & Jayaraman, R. (2019). School Feeding and Learning Achievement: Evidence From India’s Midday Meal Program. Journal of Development Economics, 139, 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.10.011
  11. Drake, L., Woolnough, A., Burbano, C., & Bundy, D. (2016). Global School Feeding Sourcebook: Lessons from 14 Countries (L. Drake, A. Woolnough, C. Burbano, & D. Bundy, Eds.). https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-78326-911-2
  12. Duadji, N., Tresiana, N., & Putri, R. D. (2018). Acceleration Model of Child-Friendly City/District in Lampung Province. Jurnal Bina Praja, 10(1), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.10.2018.147-157
  13. Dunn, W. N. (2017). Public Policy Analysis. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181226
  14. Fang, G., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Long-Term Impacts of School Nutrition: Evidence From China’s School Meal Reform. World Development, 153, 105854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105854
  15. Gallegos, D., Manson, A., Vidgen, H. A., Byrne, R., & Johnson, B. J. (2025). School-Provided Meals and the Prevention of Childhood Obesity: A Small part of a Very Important Story. Current Obesity Reports, 14(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-025-00635-x
  16. Gelli, A., Masset, E., Folson, G., Kusi, A., Arhinful, D. K., Asante, F., Ayi, I., Bosompem, K. M., Watkins, K., Abdul-Rahman, L., Agble, R., Ananse-Baden, G., Mumuni, D., Aurino, E., Fernandes, M., & Drake, L. (2016). Evaluation of Alternative School Feeding Models on Nutrition, Education, Agriculture and Other Social Outcomes in Ghana: Rationale, Randomised Design and Baseline Data. Trials, 17(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-1116-0
  17. Gillespie, S., Hodge, J., Yosef, S., & Pandya-Lorch, R. (Eds.). (2016). Nourishing Millions: Stories of Change in Nutrition. International Food Policy Research Institute.
  18. Hamudy, Moh. I. A. (2015). Upaya Mewujudkan Kota Layak Anak di Surakarta dan Makassar. Jurnal Bina Praja, 7(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.07.2015.149-160
  19. Hoddinott, J., Alderman, H., Behrman, J. R., Haddad, L., & Horton, S. (2013). The Economic Rationale for Investing in Stunting Reduction. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 9(S2), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12080
  20. Howlett, M., Ramesh, M., & Perl, A. (2009). Studying Public Policy: Policy Cycles & Policy Subsystems. Oxford University Press.
  21. Istiqomah, Pratomo, L. C., & Isnawati, D. (2025). Enhancing Food Security Through Green Canteen Initiatives: A Case Study of the Role of Elementary Schools in Sustainable Nutrition Education. Jurnal Bina Praja, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2576
  22. Johnston, M. (2021). Controlling Corruption. In The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government (pp. 516–536). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198858218.013.25
  23. Jomaa, L. H., McDonnell, E., & Probart, C. (2011). School Feeding Programs in Developing Countries: Impacts on Children’s Health and Educational Outcomes. Nutrition Reviews, 69(2), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00369.x
  24. Kristjansson, E., Francis, D. K., Liberato, S., Benkhalti Jandu, M., Welch, V., Batal, M., Greenhalgh, T., Rader, T., Noonan, E., Shea, B., Janzen, L., Wells, G. A., & Petticrew, M. (2015). Food Supplementation for Improving the Physical and Psychosocial Health of Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Children Aged Three Months to Five Years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009924.pub2
  25. Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2017). Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190234874.001.0001
  26. Neumann, C. G., Murphy, S. P., Gewa, C., Grillenberger, M., & Bwibo, N. O. (2007). Meat Supplementation Improves Growth, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in Kenyan Children1,. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(4), 1119–1123. https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/137.4.1119
  27. Oddo, V. M., Maehara, M., & Rah, J. H. (2019). Overweight in Indonesia: An Observational Study of Trends and Risk Factors Among Adults and Children. BMJ Open, 9(9), e031198. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031198
  28. Piketty, T. (2021). Capital et idéologie: éléments pour une histoire des régimes inégalitaires. Revue d’histoire Moderne & Contemporaine, n° 68-4(4), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.684.0065
  29. Powell, C. A., Walker, S. P., Chang, S. M., & Grantham-McGregor, S. M. (1998). Nutrition and Education: A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Breakfast in Rural Primary School Children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(4), 873–879. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/68.4.873
  30. Puspitasari, M. D., & Arifa, R. F. (2023). Progress in Reducing Indoor Tobacco Smoke Pollution Toward the Establishment of Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak: Evidence From the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(1), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.193-206
  31. Rachmi, C. N., Li, M., & Alison Baur, L. (2017). Overweight and Obesity in Indonesia: Prevalence and Risk Factors—A Literature Review. Public Health, 147, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.02.002
  32. Smoke, P. (2015). Rethinking Decentralization: Assessing Challenges to a Popular Public Sector Reform. Public Administration and Development, 35(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1703
  33. Spill, M. K., Trivedi, R., Thoerig, R. C., Balalian, A. A., Schwartz, M. B., Gundersen, C., Odoms-Young, A., Racine, E. F., Foster, M. J., Davis, J. S., & MacFarlane, A. J. (2024). Universal Free School Meals and School and Student Outcomes. JAMA Network Open, 7(8), e2424082. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24082
  34. Stiglitz, J. E., & Rosengard, J. K. (2015). Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. W. W. Norton & Company.
  35. Sutanto, H. P., & Putra, I. R. A. S. (2021). Organizational Contribution, Interpretation, and Application in Implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) Policy. Jurnal Bina Praja, 13(1), 147–157. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.147-157
  36. Syauqan, T. M., & Muzayanah, I. F. U. (2024). Smarter Parents, Better Children Nutrition? Jurnal Bina Praja, 16(2), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.427-440
  37. Taufiqurokhman, T. (2023). Equality Strategy for Reducing Stunting Prevalence Rate: Case Study of DKI Jakarta Province. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(3), 495–506. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.495-506
  38. Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2020). Economic Development. Pearson.
  39. Victora, C. G., Christian, P., Vidaletti, L. P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Menon, P., & Black, R. E. (2021). Revisiting Maternal and Child Undernutrition in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Variable Progress Towards an Unfinished Agenda. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1388–1399. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00394-9
  40. Wang, D., Shinde, S., Young, T., & Fawzi, W. W. (2021). Impacts of School Feeding on Educational and Health Outcomes of School-Age Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Global Health, 11, 04051. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04051
  41. Whalley, J., Musgrave, R. A., & Musgrave, P. B. (1975). Public Finance in Theory and Practice. Economica, 42(167), 341–342. https://doi.org/10.2307/2553841
  42. Wright, E. O., & Evans, P. (1996). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Contemporary Sociology, 25(2), 176–179. https://doi.org/10.2307/2077170

Hak Cipta & Lisensi Akses Terbuka

Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Penulis. Artikel ini dilisensikan di bawah CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.