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The full text of this article is available as PDF. Version of record published in Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026).
A Policy, Fiscal, and Political Analysis Grounded in International Evidence
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The Free Nutritious Meal (Makan Bergizi Gratis [MBG]) program is a strategic government policy introduced under President Prabowo Subianto of Indonesia, aimed at improving children's nutritional status, reducing stunting, and strengthening human resource quality. Although the benefits of school feeding programs are well established globally, comprehensive studies on the effectiveness of the MBG program within Indonesia's regulatory and institutional capacity context remain limited. This article analyzes the MBG program using an evidence-based public policy approach and a political economy lens, drawing on a review of Scopus-indexed international journal articles, academic books, and the national regulatory framework. The analysis indicates that school feeding programs have positive effects on children's nutritional status, school attendance, and learning outcomes; however, their effectiveness is strongly influenced by governance quality, food safety, cross-sectoral coordination, and fiscal sustainability. In light of these findings, this article argues that the MBG program holds considerable potential as a transformational policy. Nonetheless, without sound fiscal design, strengthened institutional capacity, and robust public accountability mechanisms, the policy risks becoming a costly and unsustainable populist intervention.
Kebijakan Makan Bergizi Gratis di Indonesia di bawah Presiden Prabowo: Analisis Kebijakan, Fiskal, dan Politik Berdasarkan Bukti Internasional
Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) adalah kebijakan strategis pemerintah yang diperkenalkan di bawah Presiden Prabowo Subianto Indonesia, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan status gizi anak, mengurangi stunting, dan memperkuat kualitas sumber daya manusia. Meskipun manfaat program pemberian makan di sekolah telah terbukti secara global, studi komprehensif tentang efektivitas program MBG dalam konteks kapasitas regulasi dan kelembagaan Indonesia masih terbatas. Artikel ini menganalisis program MBG menggunakan pendekatan kebijakan publik berbasis bukti dan lensa ekonomi politik, berdasarkan tinjauan artikel jurnal internasional yang terindeks Scopus, buku-buku akademis, dan kerangka regulasi nasional. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa program pemberian makan di sekolah memiliki efek positif pada status gizi anak, kehadiran di sekolah, dan hasil belajar; namun, efektivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas tata kelola, keamanan pangan, koordinasi lintas sektoral, dan keberlanjutan fiskal. Berdasarkan temuan ini, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa program MBG memiliki potensi yang cukup besar sebagai kebijakan transformatif. Meskipun demikian, tanpa desain fiskal yang baik, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan mekanisme akuntabilitas publik yang kuat, kebijakan ini berisiko menjadi intervensi populis yang mahal dan tidak berkelanjutan.
The full text of this article is available as PDF. Version of record published in Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026).
Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). This article is licensed under CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.