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Kebijakan Digital ID dalam Mendukung Tranformasi Digital di Indonesia
- Tanggal Terbit & Halaman
- 30 April 2025 · Hlm. 1-18
- Riwayat Naskah
- Diterima21 Apr 2025 Terbit30 Apr 2025
2.598 Dilihat 3.602 Diunduh
Abstrak
Pemerintah Indonesia telah menginisiasi implementasi ID Digital atau Identitas Kependudukan Digital (IKD) sebagai bagian dari strategi transformasi digital nasional, khususnya dalam mendukung Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) dan integrasi pelayanan publik. Namun, adopsi IKD masih relatif rendah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tingginya permintaan e-KTP selama 5 tahun terakhir, terutama sejak IKD diimplementasikan pada tahun 2022. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, studi ini mengajukan tiga pertanyaan utama: (1) Apa saja kekuatan dan peluang strategis yang mendukung implementasi IKD? (2) Apa saja hasil riil dan aspirasi publik terkait implementasi IKD? dan (3) Bagaimana IKD dapat mendukung transformasi digital di Indonesia?
Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran eksplanatori sekuensial. Tahap kuantitatif dilakukan terlebih dahulu melalui survei terhadap 688 responden yang menilai delapan alternatif kebijakan berdasarkan efektivitas, efisiensi, dan dampak. Analisis tematik terhadap tanggapan terbuka dalam kuesioner yang sama dilakukan setelah tahap kualitatif. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka kerja SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) untuk memetakan strategi kebijakan berdasarkan kekuatan, peluang, harapan publik, dan outcome yang diharapkan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan utama terletak pada infrastruktur data kependudukan yang terpusat dan regulasi yang terus berkembang. Peluang strategis tersebut antara lain integrasi IKD ke dalam Layanan Data Kependudukan Prioritas (SPBE) melalui GovTech INA Digital, serta pemanfaatan verifikasi data digital di sektor keuangan dan perbankan. Aspirasi publik tercermin pada kebutuhan literasi digital dan perlindungan data pribadi yang lebih baik, sementara outcome yang diharapkan, seperti optimalisasi layanan publik berbasis IKD, belum sepenuhnya tercapai. Sementara itu, IKD belum sepenuhnya mampu mendukung proses transformasi digital di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi kebijakan teknologi informasi digital (IKD) perlu diarahkan pada integrasi IKD dengan layanan publik, penguatan kolaborasi lintas sektor, pengembangan regulasi yang responsif, serta penyelenggaraan edukasi publik yang masif dan inklusif. Temuan ini berkontribusi pada perumusan kebijakan transformasi digital yang berorientasi layanan, berbasis bukti, dan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung transformasi digital di Indonesia.
Digital ID Policy in Support of Digital Transformation in Indonesia
The Indonesian government has initiated the implementation of Digital ID or Digital Population Identity (IKD) as part of the national digital transformation strategy, particularly in supporting the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE) and the integration of public services. However, IKD adoption remains relatively low. This is indicated by the high demand for e-KTP forms over the past 5 years, especially since the IKD was implemented in 2022. Based on these conditions, this study asks three main questions: (1) What are the strengths and strategic opportunities that support the implementation of IKD? (2) What are the real results and public aspirations regarding the implementation of IKD? and (3) How can IKD support digital transformation in Indonesia?
This study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. The quantitative phase was conducted first through a survey of 688 respondents who assessed eight policy alternatives based on effectiveness, efficiency, and impact. A thematic analysis of open-ended responses in the same questionnaire followed the qualitative phase. All data were then analyzed using the SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) framework to map policy strategies based on strengths, opportunities, public expectations, and expected outcomes.
The research results showed that the main strength lies in a centralized population data infrastructure and continuously evolving regulations. Strategic opportunities include the integration of IKD into the Priority Population Data Service (SPBE) through GovTech INA Digital, as well as the utilization of digital data verification in the financial and banking sectors. Public aspirations are reflected in the need for digital literacy and better personal data protection, while expected outcomes, such as optimizing IKD-based public services, have not been fully achieved. Meanwhile, IKD has not been fully able to support the digital transformation process in Indonesia.
This study concludes that digital information technology (IKD) policy strategies need to be directed at integrating IKD with public services, strengthening cross-sector collaboration, developing responsive regulations, and conducting massive and inclusive public education. These findings contribute to the formulation of service-oriented, evidence-based, and sustainable digital transformation policies to support digital transformation in Indonesia.
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