Pengaruh Investasi terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pembangunan Manusia, Kemiskinan dan Pengangguran di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Periode 2018–2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025.43-60Kata Kunci:
Investasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pembangunan Manusia, Kemiskinan, PengangguranAbstrak
Investasi merupakan salah satu faktor kunci yang memengaruhi dinamika perekonomian. Penelitian ini berfokus pada Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, khususnya investasinya di sektor timah dan non-timah, sebagai daerah penghasil timah terbesar di dunia. Investasi merupakan komponen penting dalam pembentukan modal; investasi memiliki potensi besar untuk memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi, meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat, dan mengurangi masalah sosial seperti kemiskinan dan pengangguran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh investasi di sektor timah dan non-timah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, tingkat kemiskinan, dan tingkat pengangguran di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif, dengan alat analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investasi di sektor timah berdampak positif, sedangkan investasi di sektor non-timah berdampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi; namun, pengaruh ini tidak signifikan secara statistik. Investasi sektor timah dan investasi sektor non-timah berdampak negatif terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, meskipun tidak signifikan secara statistik. Investasi sektor timah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan investasi sektor non-timah berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, tetapi pengaruh ini tidak signifikan secara statistik. Investasi di sektor timah dan investasi non-timah berpengaruh negatif terhadap tingkat pengangguran, tetapi pengaruh ini tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian selama enam tahun terakhir adalah bahwa kondisi investasi telah menurun secara signifikan. Penurunan ini diawali dengan kejadian COVID-19 pada tahun 2019, dan berdampak pada pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial. Solusinya perlu lebih proaktif di kedua sektor pemerintah dan swasta untuk meningkatkan investasi dari investor, baik dalam negeri maupun asing. Selain itu, perlu ditetapkan strategi investasi yang berkualitas sehingga investasi tersebut dapat bermanfaat bagi peningkatan pembangunan sosial-ekonomi, khususnya di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.
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