Apakah Aglomerasi Ekonomi di Daerah Pedesaan Meningkatkan Perekonomian Lokal di Indonesia?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025.75-88Kata Kunci:
Aglomerasi, Pedesaan, Pendapatan Asli Desa, Analisis Spasial, PSM-DiDAbstrak
Pembangunan kawasan perdesaan terpadu secara strategis memperkuat keberhasilan pemerataan pembangunan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Desa, kawasan perdesaan didefinisikan sebagai gugusan desa yang memiliki kedekatan geografis, kesamaan komoditas unggulan, kesamaan tujuan, dan dukungan pemerintah dalam mengatasi berbagai permasalahan mendasar, termasuk perluasan skala ekonomi. Sesuai dengan kebijakan tersebut, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan perdesaan, yang berfokus pada 62 Kawasan Perdesaan Prioritas Nasional sebagaimana tercantum dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional 2020–2024. Metode analisis spasial mengkaji dampak intra-regional terhadap peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PAD) sebagai hasil aglomerasi ekonomi dengan menggunakan data panel di tingkat desa. Berdasarkan temuan, terdapat korelasi spasial yang cukup besar atau dampak spillover positif antar desa-desa di sekitarnya di kawasan perdesaan, yang dapat semakin meningkatkan dan memperkuat perekonomian lokal. Selain itu, metode PSM-DiD diterapkan untuk menyelidiki apakah Kebijakan Pembangunan Kawasan Perdesaan Prioritas Nasional memengaruhi pertumbuhan PAD. Namun, hasil penelitian ini belum memberikan bukti yang meyakinkan tentang manfaat implementasi kebijakan dalam jangka pendek. Meskipun hasil interaksinya seringkali positif, belum jelas apakah kebijakan ini secara signifikan mendorong peningkatan VOI di daerah pedesaan. Intervensi progresif diperlukan dari pemerintah di setiap tingkatan, mulai dari perencanaan dan implementasi hingga evaluasi. Selain itu, kolaborasi antar berbagai pemangku kepentingan, termasuk sektor swasta dan off-taker, diperlukan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal dan meningkatkan produktivitas regional.
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