Inovasi Corporate Social Responsibility

Inisiatif ‘Makin Mesra’ untuk Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Penulis

  • Ikhsan Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Indonesia
  • Vellayati Hajad Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Indonesia
  • Ilham Mirza Saputra Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Indonesia
  • Irham Maulida Universitas Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Indonesia
  • Deni Setiawan Politeknik Gusdurian, Purwokerto, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.403-425

Kata Kunci:

Inovasi, Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR Makin Mesra, Pengentasan Kemiskinan, Kolaborasi Pemerintah-Swasta

Abstrak

Inovasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Makin Mesra berhasil menekan angka kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. CSR Makin Mesra merupakan upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah daerah dengan perusahaan swasta untuk mengatasi tantangan kemiskinan di daerah tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus untuk memahami dampak dan tantangan program secara mendalam. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pihak-pihak kunci, termasuk pejabat pemerintah, perwakilan perusahaan, dan anggota masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CSR Makin Mesra telah menghasilkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kesejahteraan masyarakat sasaran, termasuk penurunan angka kemiskinan dan pengangguran. Program ini telah memfasilitasi peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi dan dukungan penting bagi kelompok-kelompok marjinal. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, keterlambatan penyaluran dana, dan perbedaan data penerima manfaat menghambat pelaksanaan, efisiensi, dan dampak program dalam mengurangi kemiskinan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa CSR Makin Mesra merupakan inovasi penting dalam memanfaatkan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan untuk pengentasan kemiskinan. Inovasi ini menunjukkan hasil positif dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan stabilitas ekonomi. Meskipun menghadapi berbagai tantangan, program ini menyoroti potensi upaya CSR kolaboratif dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah sosial yang kompleks secara efektif. Rekomendasi penulis untuk meningkatkan efektivitas CSR Makin Mesra meliputi penguatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia yang terlibat melalui pelatihan dan pengembangan keterampilan tim pelaksana serta penyederhanaan proses penyaluran dana melalui pembenahan prosedur pengajuan dan penyaluran dana.

Referensi

Adams, C., Alhamood, A. M., & He, X. (2022). The Development and Implementation of GRI Standards: Practice and Policy Issues. In C. Adams (Ed.), Handbook of Accounting and Sustainability (pp. 26–43). Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800373518

Ahfan, R., Asrori, & Sipahutar, H. (2015). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat pada Program PNPM MP, Desa Peradaban, CSR dan Posdaya (Konteks Lahirnya UU No. 6 Tahun 2014). Jurnal Bina Praja, 7(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.07.2015.89-99

Ali, S. H., Khan, N.-S., & Yildiz, Y. (2020). Leadership Effects on CSR Employee, Media, Customer, and NGOs. Management and Economics Research Journal, 6, 9. https://doi.org/10.18639/MERJ.2020.961566

Ambarini, N. S. B. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Sebagai Instrumen Hukum Ekonomi di Era Globalisasi. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 10(3), 315–326. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2010.10.3.101

Amin-Chaudhry, A. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility-From a Mere Concept to an Expected Business Practice. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(1), 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-02-2015-0033

Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2007). Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543–571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032

Antoci, A., Russu, P., & Ticci, E. (2019). Mining and Local Economies: Dilemma between Environmental Protection and Job Opportunities. Sustainability, 11(22), 6244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226244

Arnstein, S. R. (2019). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Planning Association, 85(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2018.1559388

Bappenas. (2024). SDGs Indonesia. Bappenas. https://sdgs.bappenas.go.id/

Bezzola, S., Günther, I., Brugger, F., & Lefoll, E. (2022). CSR and Local Conflicts in African Mining Communities. World Development, 158, 105968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105968

Bosch-Badia, M. T., Montllor-Serrats, J., & Tarrazon, M. A. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility from Friedman to Porter and Kramer. Theoretical Economics Letters, 3(3), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2013.33A003

Bowen, G., Appiah, D., & Okafor, S. (2020). The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Social Media on the Strategy Formulation Process. Sustainability, 12(15), 6057. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12156057

Brynjolfsson, E., & McElheran, K. (2016). The Rapid Adoption of Data-Driven Decision-Making. American Economic Review, 106(5), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161016

Buhmann, K. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility: What Role for Law? Some Aspects of Law and CSR. Corporate Governance, 6(2), 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700610655187

Carroll, A. B. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility: Perspectives on the CSR Construct’s Development and Future. Business & Society, 60(6), 1258–1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503211001765

Carroll, A. B., & Brown, J. A. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility: A Review of Current Concepts, Research, and Issues. In J. Weber & D. M. Wasieleski (Eds.), Corporate Social Responsibility (Vol. 2, pp. 39–69). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2514-175920180000002002

Cha, W., & Rajadhyaksha, U. (2021). What Do We Know About Corporate Philanthropy? A Review and Research Directions. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 30(3), 262–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12341

Charles, M., & Billon, P. Le. (2021). Corporate Accountability and Diplomatic Liability in Overseas Extractive Projects. The Extractive Industries and Society, 8(1), 467–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.12.001

Cho, S. J., Chung, C. Y., & Young, J. (2019). Study on the Relationship between CSR and Financial Performance. Sustainability, 11(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020343

Cornwall, A. (2008). Unpacking ‘Participation’: Models, Meanings and Practices. Community Development Journal, 43(3), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsn010

de Freitas Netto, S. V., Sobral, M. F. F., Ribeiro, A. R. B., & Soares, G. R. da L. (2020). Concepts and Forms of Greenwashing: A Systematic Review. Environmental Sciences Europe, 32(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-0300-3

Fadun, S. O. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices and Stakeholders Expectations: The Nigerian Perspectives. Research in Business and Management, 1(2), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.5296/rbm.v1i2.5500

Fahrial, Utama, A. S., & Dewi, S. (2019). Pemanfaatan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) terhadap Pembangunan Perekonomian Desa. Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika, 3(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v3i2.256

Fatima, T., & Elbanna, S. (2022). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation: A Review and a Research Agenda Towards an Integrative Framework. Journal of Business Ethics 2022 183:1, 183(1), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05047-8

Fish, A. J., & Wood, J. (2017). Promoting a Strategic Business Focus to Balance Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility – Missing Elements. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(1), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2016-0054

Freeman, R. E., & Reed, D. L. (1983). Stockholders and Stakeholders: A New Perspective on Corporate Governance. California Management Review, 25(3), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165018

Frynas, J. G. (2005). The False Developmental Promise of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence From Multinational Oil Companies. International Affairs, 81(3), 581–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00470.x

Furqoni, I., & Rosyadi, S. (2019). Collaborative Governance in Corporate Social Responsibility Forum in Banyumas Regency. Jurnal Bina Praja, 11(2), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.11.2019.209-217

Galbreath, J. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy: Strategic Options, Global Considerations. Corporate Governance, 6(2), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700610655178

Gandi, H. R., & Mutaqi, A. S. (2022). Studi Evaluasi Penerapan CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) pada PT. Jasa Marga Tbk. Jurnal Wilayah, Kota Dan Lingkungan Berkelanjutan, 1(2), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.58169/JWIKAL.V1I2.94

García-Gómez, J. J., & Pérez-Cebada, J. D. (2020). A Socio-Environmental History of a Copper Mining Company: Rio-Tinto Company Limited (1874–1930). Sustainability, 12(11), 4521. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114521

Gautier, A., & Pache, A. C. (2015). Research on Corporate Philanthropy: A Review and Assessment. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(3), 343–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1969-7

Ghimire, P. R., Devkota, N., Marasini, T., Khanal, G., Deuja, J., & Khadka, U. (2024). Does Joint Land Ownership Empower Rural Women Socio-Economically? Evidence From Eastern Nepal. Land Use Policy, 138, 107052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107052

Golob, U., Turkel, S., Kronegger, L., & Uzunoglu, E. (2018). Uncovering CSR Meaning Networks: A Cross-National Comparison of Turkey and Slovenia. Public Relations Review, 44(4), 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.05.003

Hadisuamardjo, H. (2014). Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijakan Program CSR dalam Bidang Pendidikan. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 11(2), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.17509/jap.v21i2.6675

Hajad, V. (2021). The Dilemma of Natural Resources: Economic Opportunities and Challenges Post-conflict. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(1), 426–432. https://doi.org/10.32479/IJEEP.10326

Hajad, V., Ikhsan, Herizal, Latif, I. R., & Marefanda, N. (2023). Poverty and the Curse of Natural Resources in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy, 4(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v4i1.92

Hák, T., Janoušková, S., & Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable Development Goals: A Need for Relevant Indicators. Ecological Indicators, 60, 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.003

Hasanah, I., Matondang, K. A., Sari, G., & Akbar, Mhd. A. (2024). Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Changes in Profitability at PT Unilever Tbk Indonesia. Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 3(1), 342. https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v3i1.1513

Hill, M. T. (2003). Development As Empowerment. Feminist Economics, 9(2–3), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/1354570022000077962

Hoelscher, K., & Rustad, S. A. (2019). CSR and Social Conflict in the Brazilian Extractive Sector. Conflict, Security & Development, 19(1), 99–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2019.1561633

Hung Chen, C. (2011). The Major Components of Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Global Responsibility, 2(1), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/20412561111128546

Ianniello, M., Iacuzzi, S., Fedele, P., & Brusati, L. (2019). Obstacles and Solutions on the Ladder of Citizen Participation: A Systematic Review. Public Management Review, 21(1), 21–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1438499

Idemudia, U. (2010). Rethinking the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Nigerian Oil Conflict: The Limits of CSR. Journal of International Development, 22(7), 833–845. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1644

Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., & Olaisen, J. (1999). Aspects of Innovation Theory Based on Knowledge-Management. International Journal of Information Management, 19(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-4012(99)00004-3

Kapoor, I. (2002). The Devil’s in the Theory: A Critical Assessment of Robert Chambers’ Work on Participatory Development. Third World Quarterly, 23(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590220108199

Khan, I., Fujimoto, Y., Uddin, M. J., & Afridi, M. A. (2023). Evaluating Sustainability Reporting on Gri Standards in Developing Countries: A Case of Pakistan. International Journal of Law and Management, 65(3), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-01-2022-0016

Koesriwulandari. (2015). Dampak CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Terhadap Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Agribis, 15(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.30742/jisa1512015360

Kolk, A. (2016). The Social Responsibility of International Business: From Ethics and the Environment to CSR and Sustainable Development. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.010

Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2005). Best of Breed: When It Comes to Gaining a Market Edge While Supporting a Social Cause, “Corporate Social Marketing” Leads the Pack. Social Marketing Quarterly, 11(3–4), 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/15245000500414480

Kurpierz, J. R., & Smith, K. (2020). The Greenwashing Triangle: Adapting Tools From Fraud to Improve CSR Reporting. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(6), 1075–1093. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-10-2018-0272

Lantos, G. P. (2001). The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(7), 595–632. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760110410281

Lindgreen, A., Swaen, V., & Maon, F. (2009). Introduction: Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(SUPPL. 2), 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9732-1

Maheshwari, M., Gupta, A. K., Gaur, P., Tiwari, N., & Goyal, S. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Business World?: A Conceptual, Regulatory, and Illustrative Framework. In Corporate Social Responsibility in the Global Business World. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003411000

Mahoney, L. S., Thorne, L., Cecil, L., & LaGore, W. (2013). A Research Note on Standalone Corporate Social Responsibility Reports: Signaling or Greenwashing? Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 24(4–5), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2012.09.008

Majer, M. (2021). The Practice of Mining Companies in Building Relationships with Local Communities in the Context of CSR Formula. Journal of Sustainable Mining, 12(3), 7. https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1299

McBarnet, D. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility Beyond Law, Through Law, for Law. In SSRN Electronic Journal (2009/03). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1369305

Mishra, D. R. (2017). Post-innovation CSR Performance and Firm Value. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(2), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2676-3

Mishra, P. P., Sravan, C., & Mishra, S. K. (2024). Extracting Empowerment: A Critical Review on Violence Against Women in Mining and Mineral Extraction. Energy Research & Social Science, 109, 103414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103414

Mithani, M. A. (2017). Innovation and CSR — Do They Go Well Together? Long Range Planning, 50(6), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2016.08.002

Moratis, L. (2017). The Credibility of Corporate CSR Claims: A Taxonomy Based on ISO 26000 and a Research Agenda. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(1–2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2015.1050179

Nguyen, N., Priporas, C. V., McPherson, M., & Manyiwa, S. (2023). CSR-Related Consumer Scepticism: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Directions. Journal of Business Research, 169, 114294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114294

Nuzula, N. F. (2009). Corporate Social Responsibility: Sebuah Keniscayaan Strategi Bisnis di Indonesia. Iqtishoduna, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.18860/iq.v4i1.274

Orlitzky, M., & Shen, J. (2013). Corporate Social Responsibility, Industry, and Strategy. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6(4), 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/iops.12064

O’Rourke, D., & Strand, R. (2017). Patagonia: Driving Sustainable Innovation by Embracing Tensions. California Management Review, 60(1), 102–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617727748

Owen, J. R., & Kemp, D. (2023). A Return to Responsibility: A Critique of the Single Actor Strategic Model of CSR. Journal of Environmental Management, 341, 118024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118024

Parker, L. (2018). Environmentalism and Education for Sustainability in Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(136), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2018.1519994

Pons, A., Vintrò, C., Rius, J., & Vilaplana, J. (2021). Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining Industries. Resources Policy, 72, 102117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102117

Pratiwi, W. D., & Izzatusholekha. (2022). Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility di PT Pertamina (Persero). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan, 2(1), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.55606/jimek.v2i1.208

Putnam, R. D. (1994). Social Capital and Public Affairs. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 47(8), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12156057

Ratajczak, P., & Szutowski, D. (2016). Exploring the Relationship Between CSR and Innovation. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 7(2), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-07-2015-0058

Ratmono, D., & Sagala, W. M. (2015). Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Sebagai Sarana Legitimasi: Dampaknya Terhadap Tingkat Agresivitas Pajak. Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi Dan Manajemen Indonesia, 4(2), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.21831/nominal.v4i2.7997

Reed, M. S. (2008). Stakeholder Participation for Environmental Management: A Literature Review. Biological Conservation, 141(10), 2417–2431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014

Rela, I. Z., Awang, A. H., Ramli, Z., Taufik, Y., Md. Sum, S., & Muhammad, M. (2020). Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Community Resilience: Empirical Evidence in the Nickel Mining Industry in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sustainability, 12(4), 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041395

Russon, J.-A. (2023). The CSR-ODA Nexus. In Multinationals, Poverty Alleviation and UK Aid: The Complex Quest for Mutually Beneficial Outcomes (pp. 193–210). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003251422-9

Sager, F., & Rosser, C. (2009). Weber, Wilson, and Hegel: Theories of Modern Bureaucracy. Public Administration Review, 69(6), 1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02071.x

Saha, R., Shashi, Cerchione, R., Singh, R., & Dahiya, R. (2020). Effect of Ethical Leadership and Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Performance: A Systematic Review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 409–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1824

Sama, L. M., Stefanidis, A., & Horak, S. (2020). Business Ethics for a Global Society: Howard Bowen’s Legacy and the Foundations of United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. International Studies of Management & Organization, 50(3), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2020.1811526

Sjioen, A. E., Amaludin, A., Rukmana, A. Y., Syamsulbahri, & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Bisnis Berkelanjutan dan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan: Studi tentang Dampak dan Strategi Implementasi. Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen West Science, 2(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.58812/jbmws.v2i03.557

Susilowati, K. D. S. (2017). The Role of Social Capital in the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Lesson Learned From PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. Journal of Innovation in Business and Economics, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22219/jibe.v1i01.5328

Tereso, A., Ribeiro, P., Fernandes, G., Loureiro, I., & Ferreira, M. (2018). Project Management Practices in Private Organizations. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818810966

Thanh Binh, N. T. (2023). Gains and Losses When Implementing CSR: Insights From Taiwanese Banks. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(6), 1107–1122. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-07-2021-0304

Thijssens, T., Bollen, L., & Hassink, H. (2015). Secondary Stakeholder Influence on CSR Disclosure: An Application of Stakeholder Salience Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(4), 873–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2623-3

Turker, D. (2018). Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management. In Managing Social Responsibility: Functional Strategies, Decisions and Practices (pp. 131–144). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91710-8_8

von Schnurbein, G., Seele, P., & Lock, I. (2016). Exclusive Corporate Philanthropy: Rethinking the Nexus of CSR and Corporate Philanthropy. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(2), 280–294. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2014-0149

Watts, M. (1991). Entitlements or Empowerment? Famine and Starvation in Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 18(51), 9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056249108703903

Wettstein, F. (2012). CSR and the Debate on Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Great Divide. Business Ethics Quarterly, 22(4), 739–770. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201222446

Windsor, D. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility: Three Key Approaches. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00584.x

Yakovleva, N., & Vazquez-Brust, D. (2012). Stakeholder Perspectives on CSR of Mining MNCs in Argentina. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(2), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0989-4

Yoon, Y., Gürhan-Canli, Z., & Schwarz, N. (2006). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities on Companies With Bad Reputations. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(4), 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1604_9

Zhao, J. (2017). Promoting More Socially Responsible Corporations Through a Corporate Law Regulatory Framework. Legal Studies, 37(1), 103–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/lest.12140

Diterbitkan

2024-08-30

Cara Mengutip

Inovasi Corporate Social Responsibility: Inisiatif ‘Makin Mesra’ untuk Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. (2024). Jurnal Bina Praja, 16(2), 403-425. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.403-425

Terbitan

Bagian

Artikel

Cara Mengutip

Inovasi Corporate Social Responsibility: Inisiatif ‘Makin Mesra’ untuk Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. (2024). Jurnal Bina Praja, 16(2), 403-425. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.403-425