Efek Spillover Kinerja Pembangunan terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan di Sumatera, Indonesia
Peran Demokrasi dan Dampak Negatif Aktivitas Ekonomi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.321-334Kata Kunci:
Lingkungan Hidup, Dampak Positif, Aktivitas Ekonomi, Demokrasi, PendidikanAbstrak
Isu lingkungan semakin meningkat seiring dengan aktivitas manusia yang merusak ekosistem dan memicu perubahan iklim. Meningkatnya tekanan ini menyebabkan pemusatan perhatian pada pembangunan yang tidak hanya berorientasi ekonomi dan sosial tetapi juga lingkungan. Sejalan dengan semangat WCED tahun 1987, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak langsung dan spillover kinerja pembangunan terhadap kualitas lingkungan di Pulau Sumatera. Observasi dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2022. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel yang bersumber dari instansi pemerintah Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan model autoregresi spasial dengan pembobotan satu tetangga terdekat. Sebelumnya telah dilakukan uji ketergantungan cross-section untuk memastikan adanya efek spasial dalam model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan proporsi pekerja berpendidikan tinggi akan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan di provinsi observasi dan meningkatkan lingkungan di provinsi tetangga terdekat. Demokrasi juga memiliki efek langsung dan spillover positif yang kuat. Peningkatan beban ketergantungan pekerja akan meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan di provinsi observasi, dengan efek spillover yang lemah. Sebaliknya, peningkatan PDRB riil per kapita menurunkan kualitas lingkungan dan mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan di wilayah tetangga. Empat faktor penentu memiliki pengaruh total yang kuat. Sementara itu, kepadatan penduduk dan pengeluaran daerah tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya intervensi dari pihak berwenang untuk mengubah perspektif terhadap aktivitas ekonomi dan pengeluaran daerah secara keseluruhan sehingga nilai tambah ekonomi tidak mengorbankan lingkungan.
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