Koordinasi Lintas Sektor dalam Percepatan Penurunan Stunting
Studi Kasus Implementasi Kebijakan di Kecamatan Pahandut, Kota Palangkaraya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.17.2025-2694Kata Kunci:
Implementasi Kebijakan, Koordinasi Lintas Sektor, StuntingAbstrak
Stunting merupakan masalah multidimensi yang pengelolaannya bergantung pada koordinasi lintas sektor. Namun, dalam birokrasi daerah di Indonesia, yang masih dipengaruhi oleh patrimonialisme, koordinasi formal seringkali tidak efektif, sehingga menciptakan ketegangan antara desain kebijakan hierarkis dan realitas implementasi yang terdesentralisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus kualitatif di Kecamatan Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. Pemilihan lokasi didasarkan tidak hanya pada prevalensi stunting (20,8%) tetapi juga pada karakteristik hibrida perkotaan-pedesaan, yang menawarkan latar ideal untuk menguji model implementasi Winter. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan sembilan informan kunci, observasi partisipan, dan analisis dokumen, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan triangulasi. Implementasi kebijakan stunting lebih ditentukan oleh peran aktor lapangan dan jaringan informal (misalnya, grup WhatsApp) daripada struktur formal. Tim Pendamping Keluarga (TPK) bertindak sebagai birokrat tingkat jalanan, menggunakan sumber daya diskresioner seperti penggunaan bahasa lokal dan pendidikan berbasis konteks untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sistem. Namun, mereka menghadapi insentif minimal dan fragmentasi data. Temuan ini memperkaya model Winter dengan memperkenalkan konsep "ketahanan tata kelola informal," yaitu kemampuan sistem kebijakan untuk bertahan melalui mekanisme informal ketika tata kelola formal gagal. Rekomendasinya meliputi pelembagaan praktik informal, penyediaan insentif yang tepat untuk TPK, dan perancangan kebijakan yang responsif terhadap hambatan struktural lokal.
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