Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)

Climate change is a global challenge that significantly impacts various environmental, economic, and social sectors. In the West Papua region, the effects of climate change are increasingly being felt, especially in the agriculture, fisheries, and local ecosystem sustainability sectors. Local governments play an important role in developing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies to face this challenge. This research aims to analyze the budget optimization strategies used by local governments to address the impacts of climate change in the region. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to examine local government policies on climate change. Data were obtained through focus group discussions with government officials, analysis of policy documents, and analysis of budget data. The Miles and Huberman interactive model was used in the analysis, which involved data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed significant budget allocations for climate change mitigation and adaptation changes between 2023 and 2024. The budget for mitigation decreased by 39.70%, while the budget for adaptation increased by 62.86%. The decrease in the mitigation budget reflects efficiencies that have been achieved or changes in priorities. In contrast, the increase in the adaptation budget indicates an increased focus on community and infrastructure resilience to climate change impacts. Priority action plans identified in this study include strengthening climate-resilient infrastructure, water and waste management, renewable energy development, increasing community capacity and participation, diversifying funding sources, and technology development and application. Recommendations for local governments emphasize the importance of continuous evaluation, inclusive policy development, collaboration with the private sector, and increased public awareness and participation in dealing with climate change.

Indonesia's Food Security Index has decreased in the food availability category in 2022, influenced by food production. The government's efforts to achieve food security with DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture are a form of funds transfer to the regions. This study uses the robust fixed-effects panel data method to determine the effect of DAK Physical Agriculture and DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture on food security. The data used are secondary data from IKP and the realization of DAK Physical Agriculture and DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture from 2021 - 2023. The unit of analysis used is districts/cities in Indonesia. The dependent variable, the food security index, and the independent variable, DAK Food Security and Agriculture, are used to consider the factors of government spending, GRDP per capita, rice production, and population. The results of the analysis show that the Physical DAK has a significant influence on food security. At the same time, the Non-Physical DAK for Food Security and Agriculture is not significant for food security. The control variable of regional expenditure has a significant positive relationship with food security and population, which has a significant negative relationship with food security. The existence of a DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture budget that is too low and as a complementary fund causes not optimal outcomes from DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture. So, it is expected that in the future, there will be an increase in the portion of the allocation of DAK Non-Physical Food Security and Agriculture.

Blora Regency is one of the districts selected in the "Movement Towards 100 Smart Cities" program, where smart branding is one of the important elements that support the implementation of smart cities in the district. Smart branding utilizes local potential and uniqueness to promote regions' competitiveness. The application of smart branding is seen in three aspects: tourism branding, business branding, and city appearance branding. This research analyzes the condition of smart branding in Blora Regency and the government's role in supporting smart branding. It will also analyze short-, medium-, and long-term smart branding priority programs. The research used a qualitative method, where data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. This research shows that smart branding in Blora Regency is one of the efforts to increase promotion and create a competitive area. This condition encourages tourists to visit and investors to invest their capital. Strengthening smart branding is also carried out through city planning. Meanwhile, accessibility optimization continues. Some slogans strengthen smart branding, including "Dolan Blora." The government's role is quite good in providing training and assistance for tourism managers, promoting the area to investors, and increasing accessibility. Various programs are deployed to support smart branding in the short, medium, and long term. Several programs to support the implementation of smart branding have been implemented either by the government or by involving third parties.

The National Medium-Term Development Plan for 2020-2024 aims to provide 100% of residents with access to safe drinking water. However, according to Central Bureau of Statistics, the average of residents with access to safe drinking water is still at 92% in 2022. Attaining this goal is difficult without focusing on fiscal transfer policy and governance. This study explores the relationship between fiscal transfer and good governance toward access to safe drinking water in each district/city in Indonesia using 2019-2022 data from The Socioeconomics Survey, Central Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of State Apparatus Utilization and Bureaucratic Reform. The regression of panel data using a fixed effect model shows that specific-purpose capital grants for drinking water and good governance significantly have a positive impact on access to safe drinking water. These results indicate that specific-purpose capital grants still hold a crucial role in providing access to safe drinking water. Meanwhile, good governance is also a key factor in obtaining optimal outcomes in safe drinking water. In the western region of Indonesia, good governance and poor governance have a stronger effect on access to safe drinking water yet specific-purpose capital grant in the eastern region have a higher impact.

Migration activities carried out by people in Makamenggit Village and Pambotanjara Village have positive and negative impacts on migrant workers, their families and communities surround. Various handling efforts carried out by the government so far are still limited to efforts to deal with problems related to migration activities namely the threat of human trafficking and facilitating Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) who experience problems in the workplace. Whereas, the handling efforts should reach the root of the problem, namely poverty.  Therefore in this research, researchers tried to identify the impacts of migration in those villages, which is then continued with efforts to deal overcome the impacts by determining strategies through SOAR Analysis which is expected to become policy recommendations for the government or stakeholders. Researchers used descriptive qualitative method to obtain the necessary data regarding the impacts and strategies required. Result of data analysis found that migration had positive impacts namely fulfilling children's educational and health needs through remittances obtained, fulfilling household consumption needs and increasing the ability of migrant workers and their families to be involved in cultural and social affairs. Meanwhile the negative impacts namely the potential for repeated migration and hereditary migration, negative stigma towards female migrant workers and the neglection of migrant worker’s children. To overcome the various impacts of migration as well as the efforts in reducing poverty, then the integrated strategies are required which is based on empowerment efforts toward various community groups and utilization of available local potentials, both natural and human resource.

Regional loans provide consequences for regions to make payments on the loan at the specified time. This article aims to find out how Bone Regency's financial capacity is to pay off PEN loans over the next eight years, analyzed using Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) by Mahmudi. DSCR consists of eight indicators, namely Regional Original Income, General Allocation Funds, Profit Sharing Funds, Reforestation Fund Profit Sharing Funds, Mandatory Expenditures, Loan Principal Installments, Loan Interest and Other Loan Costs. This article uses a qualitative approach using quantitative data. Data collection techniques include Semi-Structured Interviews, Passive Participant Observation and Documentation. The research results show that Bone Regency has the ability to repay PEN loans in the next 8 years and meets the minimum DSCR score criteria of 2.5 points. There are no obstacles in repaying PEN loans, but regional finances in 2024 are predicted to be burdened due to the implementation of regional elections. Efforts made to overcome obstacles to repaying PEN loans are by producing good financial reports. Also to anticipate a budget deficit that may occur in 2024, by budgeting a reserve fund that starts in 2022 and can be disbursed in 2024.

Environmental issues are increasing as human activities damage ecosystems and trigger climate change. This increasing pressure has led to a concentration on development that is not only economically and socially but also environmentally oriented. In line with the spirit of the WCED in 1987, this study aims to assess the direct and spillover impacts of development performance on environmental quality in Sumatra Island. Observations from 2015 to 2022. The data used is panel data derived from the Indonesian government authorities. The research method uses a spatial autoregressive model with one nearest neighbor weighting. Previously, a cross-section dependence test was conducted to ensure the presence of spatial effects in the model. The result showed that increasing the proportion of highly educated workers will improve environmental quality in the observation province and improve the environment in the nearest neighboring province. Democracy also has strong positive direct and spillover effects. An increase in the dependency burden of workers will improve environmental quality in the observation province, with weak spillover effects. Conversely, an increase in real GRDP per capita decreases environmental quality and affects environmental quality in neighboring regions. Four determinants have a strong total effect. Meanwhile, population density and regional expenditure have no significant effect. The implication of this study is the need for intervention from the authorities to change the perspective on economic activity and regional expenditure as a whole so that economic value added does not come at the expense of the environment.

Information and communication technology was used for two decades to elevate good governance practices under Indonesia's bureaucratic reform policy. With the fast-expanding use of the internet, all government organizations are being pushed to implement digital public services to eliminate rigid procedures. The purpose of the research is to reveal factor affecting public perception’ and acceptance on digital public services using qualitative approach with Technology Acceptance Model as a basic framework. Data collected from 13 public service applications in different areas, gathered through: 13 municipal information and communication’ officials, interviews with 38 conventional public service applicants,  282  digital services users, the policies-regulations as secondary data, those analyzed by Nvivo and visualized on hierarchy chart. It is clear that while becoming digitized is an ambitious agenda, there are wide gaps among municipalities: geographical landscape, technology infrastructure, financial and human resources. On the public side, a majority remained stick to conventional services, primarily due to non-technology factors: their comfort with traditional processes, the perceived complexity of the application, their digital literacy, experiences, economic-societal barriers, all of which emerged as barriers to digital services acceptance. Injecting digital technology in the public sector is inevitable. However, It is necessary to build community digital readiness despite technology infrastructure and official capabilities, especially in peripheral local governments

This study discusses the condition of Regional Original Revenue (PAD) which consists oftax components, levies, results of separated regional assets and other revenues that are considered legitimate. In addition, this study emphasises the preparation of a strategy for optimising Regional Original Revenue (PAD) which emphasises innovation and collaboration so that the results and targets for increasing PAD in Central Lombok Regency can be achieved. the importance of innovation as a transformer and collaboration in building networks in Central Lombok Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach using some LKPD data for the last 5 years from 2019-2023. In addition, the method used in preparing the strategy is more result-oriented and more positive with the SOAR approach by analysing strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results while the study locus is Central Lombok Regency. This study found that one of the important steps in strengthening regional finances is the optimisation of local revenue through sustainable policies. Local governments can sustainably increase tax revenues, support regional development, and improve community welfare by using appropriate strategies and comprehensive policies. Annual growth rate, the average percentage of growth each year is 10.25%, the annual growth rate experienced negative PAD growth (-21%). Some strategies that can be developed in order to optimise PAD through innovation and collaboration are to create innovations in the local taxation and levy sector, both in terms of collection and recording. In addition, strengthening networks and collaboration with various parties will make it easier for the Central Lombok Regency Government to map potential sectors that can be utilised to increase PAD.

The performance of firefighters is a crucial factor in ensuring public safety and the effectiveness of fire response, making capacity building and infrastructure support a priority. This research aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the impact of education, training, and work infrastructure on the performance of firefighters in OKI Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, applied to the Fire Department of the Civil Service Police Unit and Fire Department of OKI Regency in June 2024. The research population consists of 187 firefighters and staff members of the Fire Department in OKI Regency. A sample of 99 respondents was selected using random sampling from the entire population. The results of this study indicate that education, training, and infrastructure have a positive and significant effect on the performance of firefighters in OKI Regency. Education is the dominant variable influencing the performance of firefighters in OKI Regency. Human resource development policies in the fire department can focus on improving competencies through formal and non-formal education, as well as enhancing the quality of work facilities to support operational duties.

This research investigates the relationship between compensation and job satisfaction, as well as the influence of the latter on employee performance and productivity at PT Bank XYZ (Persero) Tbk, South Jakarta. By using SmartPLS 4.1.0.1 partial least square in analyzing the data from 135 respondents, it was found that compensation has a positive effect on employee performance but no influence on productivity, while job satisfaction has a positive effect on productivity but no influence on performance. The results showed that employee productivity has a significant influence on performance. Moreover, this study indicated that employee productivity mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and performance but fails to mediate the relationship between compensation and performance.

The policy of simplifying the bureaucracy aims to simplify, but in its preparation, it produces many regulations that also cost a lot of money. The Ministry of Finance publishes an average cost incurred for the preparation of one ministerial regulation of up to Rp232 million, not including other costs that do not look like the formulation time. This study analyzes transaction costs in bureaucratic simplification and identifies government efforts to improve transaction cost efficiency. This study uses mixed methods and explanatory sequential analysis to analyze the efforts made by the Government. This study, conducted in 2021-2022, combines qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method of data collection uses in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. While the quantitative method uses a questionnaire. The study results show that the Government has made various efforts to improve the efficiency of transaction costs. Still, various policies that have been prepared to overcome bureaucratic inefficiencies through bureaucratic simplification tend to increase formalization and increase costs. These various government efforts cannot be solely assessed using an economic perspective. Based on a study conducted by the University of Chicago, government bureaucracy will never be truly mathematically efficient because of the way it works, unlike the private sector. The impact of bureaucratic simplification is a long-term benefit, considering that this has an effect on governance that has not been calculated. Inefficiency or large costs incurred by the Government today will be an investment in improving governance in the future.

Innovation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Makin Mesra reduces West Aceh District's poverty. CSR of Makin Mesra is a collaborative effort between the local government and private companies to address the region's poverty challenges. The research method used a qualitative approach with case studies to understand the impact and challenges of the program in depth. Data were collected through interviews with key parties, including government officials, company representatives, and community members. The research findings reveal that CSR Makin Mesra has resulted in significant improvements in the welfare of the target community, including a decrease in poverty and unemployment rates. The program has facilitated increased economic activity and essential support for marginalized groups. However, challenges such as limited human resources, delays in fund distribution, and differences in beneficiary data hinder the program's implementation, efficiency, and impact in reducing poverty. This study concludes that CSR Makin Mesra is an essential innovation in utilizing corporate social responsibility for poverty alleviation. This innovation shows positive results in improving community welfare and economic stability. Despite the challenges, the program highlights the potential of collaborative CSR efforts in addressing complex social issues effectively. The author's recommendations to improve the effectiveness of CSR Makin Mesra include strengthening the capacity of the human resources involved through training and skills development of the implementation team and simplifying the fund distribution process through reforming the fund submission and distribution procedures.

The Indonesian government aims for an ‘Indonesia Emas 2045,’ but child malnutrition remains a major challenge. One important factor that influences malnutrition is parental education level. Previous studies have shown that children’s food consumption is influenced by parental knowledge and education and various interrelated multidimensional factors. This study aims to assess the influence of parental education on improving child nutrition in Indonesia, focusing on developing a model for infants aged 6 to 24 months receiving nutritious complementary foods. The method used in this study was a review of relevant literature. Results show that parental education has a significant influence on increasing the number of infants receiving nutritious complementary foods. In addition, the change in the number of infants consuming nutritious complementary foods is also influenced by several control variables, such as parents’ access to the internet, the impact of smoking among housewives, PKH assistance, parents’ employment status, area of residence, and per capita expenditure. However, this study has limitations as it does not cover the quality and quantity of food consumed by infants, does not consider local cultural influences due to data limitations, and primarily focuses on socioeconomic aspects. Thus, parental education not only improves their access to quality nutritional information but also enriches their knowledge and raises awareness about the importance of nutrition. All these factors cumulatively contribute to improved nutritional intake for children, positively impacting their long-term health.

This study aims to explore the importance of Tadulako leadership values in enhancing national governance resilience in Indonesia, particularly in Central Sulawesi. The concept of Tadulako goes beyond individual identity, embodying noble values that promote truth and community welfare. Historically, Tadulako played a significant role in maintaining territorial sovereignty during the colonial period, suggesting that these values are not merely myths but rooted in real struggles for freedom. This study uses an ethnographic approach to examine how these values can serve as an ethical foundation for modern leadership, fostering social cohesion and managing diversity in line with the principle of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. The results showed that courage, justice, and solidarity are integral to building a cohesive national identity and enhancing social resilience against internal and external threats. This study also emphasized the importance of revitalizing local wisdom and integrating these values into the educational framework to ensure cultural continuity and strengthen community ties. This study is a balanced dialogue between tradition and modernity, showing that principles derived from Tadulako can significantly contribute to a strong and sustainable national resilience strategy. In the context of strengthening national resilience governance, it is recommended that Tadulako leadership values be integrated with the concept of transformational leadership in the modern era. Innovative and flexible leadership that emphasizes adaptability and resilience in facing challenges is essential to maintaining national resilience while realizing the progress of the nation and state.