Akses Air Minum Layak
Apakah Transfer Spesifik dan Tata Kelola itu Penting?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.16.2024.279-290Kata Kunci:
Transfer Fiskal, Tata Kelola yang Baik, Air Minum LayakAbstrak
Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional Tahun 2020-2024 menargetkan akses air minum layak bagi 100% penduduk. Namun, menurut Badan Pusat Statistik, rata-rata penduduk yang memiliki akses air minum layak masih berada di angka 92% pada tahun 2022. Pencapaian target tersebut sulit dilakukan tanpa memperhatikan kebijakan dan tata kelola transfer fiskal. Penelitian ini mengkaji keterkaitan antara transfer fiskal dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik terhadap akses air minum layak di setiap kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi, Badan Pusat Statistik, Kementerian Keuangan, dan Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi tahun 2019-2022. Hasil regresi data panel dengan menggunakan model efek tetap menunjukkan bahwa hibah modal tujuan khusus untuk air minum dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik secara signifikan berdampak positif terhadap akses air minum layak. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa hibah modal tujuan khusus masih memegang peranan penting dalam penyediaan akses air minum layak. Sementara itu, tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik juga menjadi faktor kunci dalam memperoleh capaian optimal dalam penyediaan air minum layak. Di wilayah barat Indonesia, tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik dan tata kelola pemerintahan yang buruk memiliki dampak yang lebih kuat terhadap akses terhadap air minum yang aman sedangkan hibah modal tujuan khusus di wilayah timur memiliki dampak yang lebih besar.
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