Pengembangan Strategi City Branding melalui Kerangka Kerja Konseptual
Menyajikan Alat Implementasi Praktikal kepada Pemerintah Kota
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.123-143Kata Kunci:
city branding, branding regional, branding tempat, strategi city branding, pengukuran city branding, implementasi city brandingAbstrak
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, City branding telah menjadi isu yang penting karena implikasi ekonomi dan politik. Kesuksesan implementasi city branding mengharuskan keterlibatan pemerintah kota dan pemangku kepentingan dalam pengembangan strategi pemasaran lintas sektoral. Dalam penelitian ini, kami melakukan tinjauan literatur dan mengidentifikasi tiga dimensi kritis - politik dan kesesuaian, sosio-ekonomi, dan keberlanjutan - yang harus dipertimbangkan saat membuat daftar ceklis implementasi untuk regulator dan eksekutif kota. Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan penelitian, kami mengembangkan kerangka konseptual dan praktis yang memperkenalkan tiga istilah baru - objek citra pemasaran kota, artifak, dan infrastruktur - yang dianggap esensial dalam menerapkan strategi pemasaran kota di Indonesia. Artikel ini menyediakan daftar ceklis implementasi komprehensif bagi pemerintah kota untuk memastikan bahwa strategi mereka telah memenuhi kriteria tiga dimensi. Selain itu, kami berharap bahwa artikel ini akan memulai dan merangsang diskusi tentang strategi pemasaran kota, lebih lanjut penelitian ini menawarkan perspektif alternatif tentang strategi pemasaran kota dan menyediakan alat implementasi yang berharga bagi regulator, eksekutif, dan akademisi yang terlibat dalam pemasaran kota di Indonesia.
Referensi
Adeniyi, O., Ojo, L. D., Idowu, O. A., & Kolawole, S. B. (2020). Compliance With the Stipulated Procurement Process in Local Governments: A Case From a Developing Nation. International Journal of Procurement Management, 13(5), 678–700. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2020.110083
Ahn, Y.-J., Kim, I., & Lee, T. J. (2016). Exploring Visitor Brand Citizenship Behavior: The Case of the ‘Mice City Busan’, South Korea. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.01.002
Anana, E., & Nique, W. (2010). Perception-Based Analysis: An Innovative Approach for Brand Positioning Assessment. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 17(1), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.1057/dbm.2009.32
Belabas, W., & Eshuis, J. (2019). Superdiversity and City Branding: Rotterdam in Perspective. In P. Scholten, M. Crul, & P. Van De Laar (Eds.), Coming to Terms with Superdiversity (pp. 209–223). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96041-8_11
Bıçakçı, A. B., & Genel, Z. (2017). A Theoretical Approach for Sustainable Communication in City Branding: Multilateral Symmetrical Communication Model. In Advertising and Branding: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1793-1
Braiterman, J. (2011). City Branding through New Green Spaces. In K. Dinnie (Ed.), City Branding (pp. 70–81). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294790_9
Castillo-Villar, F. R. (2018). City Branding and the Theory of Social Representation. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 28(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v28n1.52939
Cleave, E., Arku, G., Sadler, R., & Gilliland, J. (2016). The Role of Place Branding in Local and Regional Economic Development: Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Practicality. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 3(1), 207–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2016.1163506
Collins, T. (2019). Towards a More Emotional Geography of Civic Pride: A View From an English City. Social & Cultural Geography, 20(3), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2017.1362586
De Jong, M. (2019). From Eco-Civilization to City Branding: A Neo-Marxist Perspective of Sustainable Urbanization in China. Sustainability, 11(20), 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205608
De Jong, M., Hoppe, T., & Noori, N. (2019). City Branding, Sustainable Urban Development and the Rentier State. How Do Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Dubai Present Themselves in the Age of Post Oil and Global Warming? Energies, 12(9), 1657. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091657
Dejanović, A., & Čedomir, L. (2015, January 1). City Branding as a Potential for Economic Development. ICEI 2015, 4th International Scientific Conference “Economy of Integration.”
Dinnie, K. (2011). Introduction to the Theory of City Branding. In K. Dinnie (Ed.), City Branding (pp. 3–7). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294790_1
Fafurida, Kistanti, N. R., & Nihayah, D. M. (2021). City Branding Implementation as an Effort of Increasing Tourism Performance. Review of International Geographical Education, 11(3), 536–546. http://lib.unnes.ac.id/44361/
Florek, M., Herezniak, M., & Augustyn, A. (2019). You Can’t Govern if You Don’t Measure: Experts’ Insights Into Place Branding Effectiveness Assessment. Journal of Place Management and Development, 12(4), 545–565. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-10-2018-0074
Florek, M., Hereźniak, M., & Augustyn, A. (2021). Measuring the Effectiveness of City Brand Strategy. In Search for a Universal Evaluative Framework. Cities, 110, 103079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103079
Govers, R. (2013). Why Place Branding Is Not About Logos and Slogans. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9(2), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2013.11
Gretzel, U., & Collier De Mendonça, M. (2019). Smart Destination Brands: Semiotic Analysis of Visual and Verbal Signs. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(4), 560–580. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2019-0159
Guler, E. G. (2017). The Role of Local Governments in City Branding. In A. Bayraktar & C. Uslay (Eds.), Global Place Branding Campaigns across Cities, Regions, and Nations: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0576-1
Hanna, S., & Rowley, J. (2008). An Analysis of Terminology Use in Place Branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 4(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000084
Herget, J., Petrů, Z., & Abrhám, J. (2015). City Branding and Its Economic Impacts on Tourism. Economics & Sociology, 8(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2015/8-1/9
Kavaratzis, M. (2004). From City Marketing to City Branding: Towards a Theoretical Framework for Developing City Brands. Place Branding, 1(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990005
Kavaratzis, M. (2007). City Marketing: The Past, the Present and Some Unresolved Issues. Geography Compass, 1(3), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00034.x
Kemp, E., Childers, C. Y., & Williams, K. H. (2012). Place Branding: Creating Self-Brand Connections and Brand Advocacy. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 21(7), 508–515. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610421211276259
Kholis, N., Prasetyo, B. D., & Mardiono. (2017). Exploring City Branding Potential of Malang as Differentiation Method in Promotion. Wacana, 20(2), 79–88. https://wacana.ub.ac.id/index.php/wacana/article/view/503
Kusumawati, A., & Rahayu, K. S. (2022). City Citizenship Behavior Among Residents: Investigating the Role of Emotional Experience in Event Tourism and Brand Attitude. Jema: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 19(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v19i1.13809
Ladegaard, H. J., & Jenks, C. J. (2015). Language and Intercultural Communication in the Workplace: Critical Approaches to Theory and Practice. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2014.985302
Lestari, F., Md Dali, M., & Che-Ha, N. (2020). City Branding in Indonesia: The Urgency of Public Communication, Involvement, and Inter-sectoral Collaboration. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2020-1602-01
Lucarelli, A. (2012). Unraveling the Complexity of “City Brand Equity”: A Three-Dimensional Framework. Journal of Place Management and Development, 5(3), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331211269648
Lucarelli, A., & Olof Berg, P. (2011). City Branding: A State-of-the-Art Review of the Research Domain. Journal of Place Management and Development, 4(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331111117133
Marshall, A. (2014, November 8). A Brief History of City Branding Disasters. Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-11-07/a-brief-history-of-city-branding-disasters
Maski, G., Fadli, F., & Sumantri, V. D. S. (2020). Does Tourism Growth Create a Trickle-Down Effect in Rural Areas. International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 11(3), 191–220. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSEM.2020.111175
Merrilees, B., Miller, D., Shao, W., & Herington, C. (2014). Linking City Branding to Social Inclusiveness: A Socioeconomic Perspective. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 10(4), 267–278. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2014.27
Middleton, A. C. (2011). City Branding and Inward Investment. In K. Dinnie (Ed.), City Branding (pp. 15–26). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294790_3
Mihardja, E., Bintoro, B., Saleh, R., & Yusmanizar. (2019). City Branding Strategy and Local Government Readiness. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Humanity, Education and Social Sciences (IcoSIHESS 2019), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.34
Mirzoev, T., Tull, K. I., Winn, N., Mir, G., King, N. V., Wright, J. M., & Gong, Y. Y. (2022). Systematic Review of the Role of Social Inclusion Within Sustainable Urban Developments. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2021.1918793
Morrison, P. S. (2016). Pride and the City. REGION, 3(2), 103–124. https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i2.130
Mostafa, R. B., & Kasamani, T. (2020). Brand Experience and Brand Loyalty: Is It a Matter of Emotions? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 33(4), 1033–1051. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-11-2019-0669
Nirmali, K. A. A., Yajid, M. S. A., Khatibi, A., Azam, S. M. F., & Sudasinghe, S. R. S. (2017). Brand Citizenship Behaviors: A Review on Related Concepts and Emperical Implication. Research Journal of Business and Management, 4(3), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.704
Novikova, E., Mityagina, V., Gureeva, A., & Makhortova, T. (2018). Branding in Urban Discourse Space: Region’s Identity as Attraction Factor. SHS Web of Conferences, 50, 01066. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001066
Oliveira, E. (2014). Reframing the ‘Creative City’ Through Tailored and Context-Sensitive Policies. City, 18(4–5), 598–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.939510
Ollivaud, P., & Haxton, P. (2019). Making the Most of Tourism in Indonesia to Promote Sustainable Regional Development (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1535; OECD Economics Department Working Papers, Vol. 1535). https://doi.org/10.1787/c73325d9-en
Ozer, S. U. (2017). The Role of Culture in City Branding. In A. Bayraktar & C. Uslay (Eds.), Strategic Place Branding Methodologies and Theory for Tourist Attraction. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0579-2
Özmen, A., & Ögel, İ. Y. (2020). The Interaction Between Customer Experience, Satisfaction and Positive Word of Mouth: A Study on City Marketing in Afyonkarahisar. In S. Grima, E. Özen, & H. Boz (Eds.), Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis (pp. 105–121). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920200000104007
Paganoni, M. C. (2012). City Branding and Social Inclusion in the Glocal City. Mobilities, 7(1), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2012.631809
Pasande, M., & Suhendra, A. (2017). The Strengthening of Region Competitiveness by Implementing City Branding in Yogyakarta. Jurnal Bina Praja, 9(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.09.2017.115-126
Pasquinelli, C. (2015). City Branding and Local SMEs: A Smart Specialisation Perspective. Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, 1, 64–77. https://doi.org/10.4468/2015.1.06pasquinelli
Pirnar, I., Igneci, M., & Tutuncuoglu, M. (2017). Trends and Applications in City Branding: A Case Study in Izmir. Marketing and Branding Research, 4(1), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.33844/mbr.2017.60417
Raszkowski, A. (2012). City Brand in Relation to Local Development. Social Sciences, 1(5), 139–149.
Rehan, R. M. (2014). Urban Branding as an Effective Sustainability Tool in Urban Development. HBRC Journal, 10(2), 222–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.11.007
Rining, N. E., & Herlina, S. (2019). City Branding Policy and Regional Marketing in Indonesia. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 6(90), 68–75. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193314274
Ripoll Gonzalez, L., & Gale, F. (2023). Sustainable City Branding Narratives: A Critical Appraisal of Processes and Outcomes. Journal of Place Management and Development, 16(1), 20–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-09-2021-0093
Riyadi. (2009). Fenomena City Branding pada Era Otonomi Daerah. Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 1–6.
Riza, M., Doratli, N., & Fasli, M. (2012). City Branding and Identity. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.091
Sakalasooriya, N. (2021). Conceptual Analysis of Sustainability and Sustainable Development. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 09(03), 396–414. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2021.93026
Schade, M., Piehler, R., Müller, A., & Burmann, C. (2018). How Cities Can Attract Highly Skilled Workers As Residents: The Impact of City Brand Benefits. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 27(7), 847–857. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-10-2017-1605
Shoaib, T., & Keivani, R. (2015). Branding the New City: Exploring Place Branding in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Place Management and Development, 8(3), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-06-2015-0020
Soekarba, S. R. (2018). The Idea of Pluralism in Indonesian Society: A Case Study of Cirebon City as a Cultural Melting Pot. Journal of Strategic and Global Studies, 1(1), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.7454/jsgs.v1i1.1004
Van Ham, P. (2008). Place Branding: The State of the Art. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 126–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207312274
Vanolo, A. (2017). City Branding: The Ghostly Politics of Representation in Globalising Cities. Routledge.
Von Luebke, C. (2009). The Political Economy of Local Governance: Findings From an Indonesian Field Study. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 45(2), 201–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910903040310
Wilson, D., Salzman, R., Chamberlain, E., Elfers, T., High, M., Mcmanus, J., Ott, D., Schafer, T., Williams, N., & Worley, J. (2021). Place Branding and Civic Pride: Comparative Case Study of Two River Cities in Northern Kentucky. Local Development & Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/26883597.2021.1952848
Yılmaz, G., Kılıçarslan, D., & Caber, M. (2020). How Does a Destination’s Food Image Serve the Common Targets of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network? International Journal of Tourism Cities, 6(4), 785–812. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-07-2019-0115
Zenker, S., & Braun, E. (2017). Questioning a “One Size Fits All” City Brand: Developing a Branded House Strategy for Place Brand Management. Journal of Place Management and Development, 10(3), 270–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-04-2016-0018
Zenker, S., & Braun, E. (2010). Branding a City: A Conceptual Approach for Place Branding and Place Brand Management. The 39th EMAC Annual Conference 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/10398/73838ceb-6dd5-45ef-acc9-e19d7862d029
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2023 Penulis

Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.



















