The Citizenship Paradigm Debate in Dual Citizenship Discourses in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.43-53Kata Kunci:
citizenship paradigm, dual citizenship, IndonesiaAbstrak
Berbagai penyesuaian mengenai peraturan hukum kewarganegaraan di Indonesia masih belum memberikan akomodasi pada semua warga negara. Pasca disahkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan, muncul desakan dari diaspora Indonesia untuk diterapkannya kewarganegaraan ganda. Desakan tersebut mendapatkan penolakan dari warga negara lain, karena membahayakan keamanan, ekonomi, politik, dan mempertanyakan loyalitas sebagai warga negara. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan untuk mengkaji persoalan kewarganegaraan ganda di Indonesia dan membandingkan perkembangan kewarganegaraan ganda di negara-negara lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perdebatan paradigma kewarganegaraan ganda berada dalam debat materi dan immateri, kelompok yang pro terdapat kewarganegaraan ganda menginginkan adanya keadilan distributif dari segi materi (ekonomi) bagi mereka yang bermukim diluar negeri, sedangkan kelompok yang kontra ingin mempertahankan aspek-aspek yang bersifat immateri (identitas, budaya, maupun ideologi). Situasi demikian membuat Indonesia belum bisa menerapkan kewarganegaraan ganda secara penuh, selain itu pula Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan pada awal pembentukannya dimaksudkan agar tidak terjadi apatride dan bipatride.
Referensi
Beall, J., Goodfellow, T., & Rodgers, D. (2013). Cities and Conflict in Fragile States in the Developing World. Urban Studies, 50(15), 3065–3083. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013487775
Büscher, B. (2012). Payments for Ecosystem Services as Neoliberal Conservation: (Reinterpreting) Evidence from the Maloti-Drakensberg, South Africa. Conservation & Society, 10(1), 29–41. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26393061
Charity, M. L. (2016). Urgensi Pengaturan Kewarganegaraan Ganda Bagi Diaspora Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 13(4), 809–827. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1346
Dahlin, E. C., & Hironaka, A. (2008). Citizenship Beyond Borders: A Cross-National Study of Dual Citizenship*. Sociological Inquiry, 78(1), 54–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2008.00221.x
Dierckxsens, W. (2000). The Limits of Capitalism: An Approach to Globalization Without Neoliberalism (J. Hutchcroft (ed. & trans.)). Zed Books.
Faist, T., Gerdes, J., & Rieple, B. (2004). Dual Citizenship as a Path-Dependent Process. International Migration Review, 38(3), 913–944. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00224.x
Gustafson, P. (2002). Globalisation, multiculturalism and individualism: the Swedish debate on dual citizenship. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(3), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830220146554
Hammar, T. (1985). Dual Citizenship and Political Integration. International Migration Review, 19(3), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/019791838501900303
Hertz, N. (2002). The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy. Simon and Schuster.
Honneth, A. (1992). Integrity and Disrespect: Principles of a Conception of Morality Based on the Theory of Recognition. Political Theory, 20(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591792020002001
Honneth, A. (1996). The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts (J. Anderson (trans.)). MIT Press.
Howard, M. M. (2005). Variation in Dual Citizenship Policies in the Countries of the EU. International Migration Review, 39(3), 697–720. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00285.x
Intentilia, A. A. M., & Surya Putra, A. A. B. N. A. (2021). From Local to Global: Examining Sister City Cooperation as Paradiplomacy Practice in Denpasar City, Bali, Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 13(2), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.13.2021.357-367
Knott, E. (2019). Strategy, identity or legitimacy? Analysing engagement with dual citizenship from the bottom-up. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(6), 994–1014. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1440494
Kovács, M. M. (2006). The Politics of Dual Citizenship in Hungary. Citizenship Studies, 10(4), 431–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621020600858088
Krasniqi, G. (2019). Contested States as Liminal Spaces of Citizenship: Comparing Kosovo and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Ethnopolitics, 18(3), 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1585092
Kuhlthau, C. C. (2002). Teaching the Library Research Process. Scarecrow Press.
Lister, R. (2007). Why Citizenship: Where, When and How Children? Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.2202/1565-3404.1165
Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays. Cambridge University Press.
Martin, D. A., & Aleinikoff, T. A. (2002). Double Ties. Foreign Policy, 133, 80. https://doi.org/10.2307/3183562
Mazzolari, F. (2009). Dual citizenship rights: do they make more and richer citizens? Demography, 46(1), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0038
Morgan, G. (2016). New actors and old solidarities: institutional change and inequality under a neo-liberal international order. Socio-Economic Review, 14(1), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwv033
Olssen, M., & Peters, M. A. (2005). Neoliberalism, higher education and the knowledge economy: from the free market to knowledge capitalism. Journal of Education Policy, 20(3), 313–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500108718
Osler, A., & Starkey, H. (2005). Changing Citizenship: Democracy and Inclusion in Education. Open University Press.
Poethig, K. (2006). Sitting between two chairs: Cambodia’s dual citizenship debate 3 4. In Expressions of Cambodia. Routledge.
Prameswari, Z. W. A. W. (2019). Ratio Legis dan Dampak Pengaturan Kewarganegaraan Ganda dalam Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 13(3), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2019.V13.359-378
Sarjana, M. (2016, August 16). Masalah Dwi Kewarganegaraan Calon Paskibraka. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/tv/20160816170000-407-151849/masalah-dwi-kewarganegaraan-calon-paskibraka
Schmidt, V. A. (2016). The roots of neo-liberal resilience: Explaining continuity and change in background ideas in Europe’s political economy. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 18(2), 318–334. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148115612792
Sejersen, T. B. (2008). “I Vow to Thee my Countries” – The Expansion of Dual Citizenship in the 21st Century. International Migration Review, 42(3), 623–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00136.x
Susser, I., & Schneider, J. (2020). Wounded Cities: Destruction and Reconstruction in a Globalized World. In J. Schneider & I. Susser (Eds.), Wounded Cities: Destruction and Reconstruction in a Globalized World. Routledge.
Thiessen, C., & Byrne, S. (2018). Proceed with Caution: Research Production and Uptake in Conflict-Affected Countries. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2017.1401486
Whitaker, B. E. (2011). The Politics of Home: Dual Citizenship and the African Diaspora. International Migration Review, 45(4), 755–783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00867.x
Yanasmayan, Z. (2015). Citizenship on paper or at heart? a closer look into the dual citizenship debate in Europe. Citizenship Studies, 19(6–7), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2015.1053793
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2022 Author(s)
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
