Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023)

This study aims to analyze the challenges faced in preparing capacity building in the context of the development of the new capital city of Indonesia and identify strategies that can be implemented to overcome these challenges. This study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing data from secondary sources, such as official government documents, research reports, and related publications. The analysis tool that is maximized is NVivo 12 Plus. The results showed that several challenges must be overcome in preparing the capacity building for developing the new capital city (IKN). These challenges include limited skilled human resources, budgetary constraints, gaps in knowledge and skills, coordination and collaboration between stakeholders, technological change, and innovation. These challenges affect the effectiveness and efficiency of development, as well as the sustainability of the development of the new capital city. In overcoming these challenges, the recommended strategy includes the government's commitment to providing adequate resources, developing supportive policies, and close cooperation between all relevant stakeholders. In addition, a participatory, inclusive, and sustainable approach is considered important to ensure the success of capacity building. Through the involvement of all parties, recognition of the needs and aspirations of the community, and the use of a sustainable approach, the development of the new capital city can run well and provide sustainable benefits for local communities.

Implementing regional autonomy gives local governments the authority to provide freedom in regulating and managing their area. Rural development is an essential part of supporting the success of regional development. However, problems were found in the information system and management of village economic data, which resulted in slow village government work processes in collecting information system data and the difficulty for the community to obtain information about the village economy. This study aims to analyze the East Java Provincial Government in initiating the SI Desa Service as a form of providing information system services and computer-based village data management and an integrated website that is easy to access for users. This qualitative research uses an analytical tool as a business model canvas with secondary data because it can develop SI Desa Services through its nine components. The research results by the Provincial Government of East Java through the Community and Village Empowerment Office, which collaborated through a memorandum of understanding with other stakeholders involved in initiating an ideal information system for village economic data management in the SI Desa Service. This integrated service will become a village economic information system and data management that is transparent, accountable, and right on target and can be monitored for its usefulness. The village government can provide excellent service so that all villages integrated with this service can become more resilient and self-sufficient.

Since the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was established in 2003-2022, KPK has handled 20 Governors involved in corruption cases. This study took a sample of 10 governors, or 50% of the number of governors handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission, taking into account the availability of court decision data on the Supreme Court website and population representation from 2013 to 2022. A total of six governors were convicted on charges of bribery-receiving corruption related to local budget management. In handling these cases, it is necessary to calculate state losses by the BPK RI auditors due to the acts of corruption committed. Law Number 15 of 2004 and Law Number 15 of 2006 emphasize the need to examine state financial losses in corruption cases to determine the amount of state losses. These two provisions are not yet binding on Corruption Eradication Commission investigators to ask the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia to calculate state financial losses because it is considered that the provisions for requesting an audit are not strictly regulated in Law Number 31 of 1999. This requires harmonization of the regulations governing acts of corruption with those governing the calculation of state losses. Analysis of the charges against the court decision indicates that the calculation of state financial losses by the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK RI) or Finance and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP) is not used in determining the real and definite amount of state financial losses. The judge fully relied on the amount of bribes received or the amount of corruption enjoyed by the defendant in the indictment as a loss to the state, which must be returned as replacement money. In the indictment, there was no argument for using bribes received as losses to the state, which is an obligation to return to recover the said state losses regulated in Law Number 1 of 2004.

The Chinese ethnic community in Indonesia faces challenges in integrating with other groups, including in Singkawang. Singkawang is a positive example of a community where harmony and mutual understanding among ethnic groups have prevailed. Rarely are incidents, whether riots or conflicts related to the Chinese ethnic group, found. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the active role of the Chinese ethnic community in the governance of Singkawang through acculturation. This study was conducted with the direct involvement of the researcher on-site. The study used qualitative-descriptive to understand the phenomenon or events regarding cultural acculturation in Singkawang. Historical, anthropological, and sociological approaches are employed to comprehend this phenomenon. Interviews were conducted with ethnic communities to gather primary data, including the Chinese, Dayak, Malay, and Madurese ethnic groups and the Singkawang local government. Secondary information was collected from various research findings, news sources, and historical documents. The results indicate an active role of the Chinese ethnic community in the governance of Singkawang. Their presence is accepted and supported by all ethnic groups in society as a result of the acculturation process that has been ongoing for some time. More specifically, cultural acculturation has occurred between the Chinese ethnic community and other groups, such as the Malay and Dayak communities. This acculturation has generated positive perceptions among the community. Acculturation has also led to language, material culture, dietary habits, and clothing changes. The direct interaction among diverse groups and shared economic conditions play a role in shaping or influencing this situation.

Fiscal decentralization is an effort by the central government to distribute regional development by providing fiscal balance funds to regional governments. The fund aims to promote regional self-sufficiency and community welfare throughout Indonesia. Riau is one of the provinces implementing fiscal balance funds and has high regional income in various sectors. However, the human development of some regions in Riau is unequal, even though the fiscal balance issued by the government continues to increase. This study aims to explore the fiscal balance funds, which consist of revenue sharing funds (DBH), general allocation funds (DAU), special physical allocation funds (DAK Physical), and special non-physical allocation funds (DAK Non-Physical), will affect human development in Riau Province from 2017 to 2022 in terms of health, education, and standard of living. This study used 72 observations from 12 cities/regencies in Riau obtained from Statistics Indonesia, and it was conducted by using a quantitative approach through panel data regression. This study produces three estimation models for each aspect of human development. REM is the model chosen to answer the three research models. The results in the first model showed that DAK Physical and DAK Non-Physical influenced human development in the health aspect. The second model was DAK Non-Physical, which significantly affected human development in education. Finally, DBH, DAU, and DAK Non-Physical significantly affected human development in aspects of decent living standards. Fiscal balance funds affect every aspect of human development in Riau. Fiscal planning and budgeting by local governments in Riau with targeted support are needed to further human development.

This study aims to analyze the transformational leadership of Village Heads in efforts to break the chain of the spread of COVID-19 in the Maluku Province area known as Bumi Raja-Raja. Village heads are called "Bapa Raja" because of their position as community leaders, religious leaders, and even traditional leaders because a Bapa Raja must have a noble lineage. This study used a qualitative method with an exploratory and descriptive research approach. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation and literature review. The results showed that Bapa Raja plays a key role in strengthening local capacity, addressing potential risks, and meeting the basic needs of people in the village. They not only strengthen local empowerment but also overcome and reduce potential and fulfil basic needs in villages by taking concrete action and utilizing local resources pro-actively and having a positive impact in breaking the chain of the spread of COVID-19 and supporting local governments in implementing policies and pandemic response programs. The study recommendation is to strengthen the role of Bapa Raja as a collaborative agent for local governments to increase active community participation in efforts to break the chain of spread of the COVID-19 virus. Thus, in the future, Bapa Raja, as a local leader as well as a traditional & community figure, can be the main force in facing crises while maintaining the stability and prosperity of their community.

The success of development depicts economic growth. Nevertheless, it is pertinent to emphasize that a significant increase in economic growth may not eradicate poverty, unemployment, and health issues. The prevalence of poverty in Palembang City in 2021 was considerably elevated, amounting to 11.34 percent, while the unemployment rate has exhibited an upward trend, reaching 10.11 percent. Additionally, there was a decline in employment within the labor market, accompanied by a corresponding rise in the number of individuals actively seeking job opportunities. This study aims to examine the various elements contributing to poverty and unemployment and formulate an integrated and sustainable model for poverty reduction and lowering unemployment in urban areas. The data collection technique uses a concurrent mixed method through questionnaires distributed to the public by purposive random sampling of 215 informants and Focus Group Discussions with relevant stakeholders in Palembang City in November 2022. The results of the study found that four factors contribute to poverty in Palembang City: education level, economic growth, health, and labor force participation rate. The level of education is the most dominant factor that plays a role in the occurrence of poverty and unemployment in Palembang City. The strategy formulated is the provision of educational scholarship programs for poor families at the primary and secondary education levels through the utilization of operational costs. It can be concluded that education has a big role in reducing poverty and unemployment, so it is important to invest in education. Investment in education, including improved access and quality of education, can help address issues of poverty and unemployment by giving individuals better opportunities for decent work.

The whole community should be involved in rural development. However, occasionally, some obstacles cause a lack of community participation. Therefore, several aspects, like socio-cultural and customary practices, are utilized for the rural development of indigenous peoples. This study aimed to analyze customary sanctions' function as social control in rural development for the indigenous Pepadun community in Srimenanti Village, Negara Batin sub-districts, Way Kanan Regency. This field research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data were collected from interviews and observations, while the secondary data were assembled from Statistics Indonesia and customary records owned by informants. Transcription and description were conducted for data processing and analysis. As a result, customary sanctions enforced by Members of the Indigenous Council (Anggota Dewan Adat) have an important role in the social control of deviant behavior through agreed Bia (Biaya Adat/Customary Fees). Additionally, customary rules also play a role in filling both physical and non-physical rural development of the skills in the rural government and customary administrators. These customary sanctions run on community participation in complying with agreed customary rules.

This study aims to determine whether the role of the Agribusiness Microfinance Institution (LKM-A) has an actual or significant effect on the poverty of farmer households. By using various financial instruments, especially Indonesia's aspirations towards an inclusive financial system for everyone, especially in the agricultural sector, it is very important to examine the agribusiness microfinance institutions (LKM-A) to see how much impact they have on farming communities so they can get out of poverty status. This study used a mixed method with a sample using a purposive sampling method with a total sample of 52 divided into three growing seasons (MT I, MT-II, and MT III). The analytical method used the logit or logistic regression method with the variable of interest, namely access to LKM-A debtors and ten other control variables, which are divided into financing characteristics indicators, farming characteristics indicators, and household characteristics indicators as well as qualitative findings from field interviews with respondents. The results showed that 4 out of 11 variables have a negative effect (coefficient below 1), which means that they have a relationship to reduce the risk of being poor, namely the variable access to LKMA debtors, Bank debtor access; land area, and marital status. The results of this study showed that banks have a significant effect on reducing the risk of possible poverty levels, so the government needs to provide convenience for vulnerable people, especially farmers, to be able to access LKM-A and banks and increase financial inclusion.

Several studies in the private sector have shown that social nudge has proven successful in changing behavior in various settings. For instance, social nudge is effective in involving more people in energy conservation and plastic waste recycling behavior. Social nudge has shown great promise as behavior change intervention in both the public and private sectors worldwide because they produce highly effective results at low cost while enabling the target group whose behavior is expected to change to maintain their autonomy. This study aims to examine whether social nudges can successfully overcome civil servant disciplinary problems in Indonesia, especially issues related to the tardiness behavior of civil servants. The study employed an experiment method with the one-group pre-post-test design and the two-step intervention, which was applied to 15 participants who were civil servants at Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Dadi (A Regional Specialty Hospital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia). The results showed that the average number of respondents' tardiness time before the intervention (pretest) is higher than the results of the first intervention (t = 3.367, p < 0.05) and the second intervention (t = 11.003, p < 0.05). These findings indicate that social nudge is proven effective in reducing tardiness and complements the predetermined strategies to overcome the problem of tardiness in civil servants. This study is potentially the first to examine social nudges' effectiveness in government settings. The study was conducted in three weeks between 21 September 2020 and 9 October 2020.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness and challenges of equalizing positions within the Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) from administrative positions to functional positions, which has caused a major transition in the field of government bureaucracy. This study answers three questions, namely, first, how is the policy implemented; second, what are the supporting and inhibiting factors; and third, how is work motivation due to equalization? This study used a qualitative method. Data was collected through interviews and secondary data. The research results showed that the policy of equalizing administrative positions into functional positions within the Ministry of Home Affairs in terms of implementing statutory regulations is smooth. However, problems arose when the policy was implemented. This problem can be seen in policy productivity, policy linearity, policy efficiency, and work motivation due to policy. This study suggests that the equalization of administrative positions into functional positions within the Ministry of Home Affairs should continue to be evaluated, and training related to the main duties and functions of each employee should continue to be improved.

This study was conducted in the context of Indonesia, which has entered the final stage of the three-period bureaucratic reform. Although progress has been made in various fields, indicators show that Indonesia still needs to achieve the ideal standard in terms of bureaucratic reform. The study aims to analyze the developing reform bureaucracy from the perspective of government dynamics to evaluate the Indonesian government's efforts and identify the factors that become obstacles in the bureaucratic bureaucracy. Researchers use NVivo to map the practices of dynamic governance in Indonesia based on the systematic literature review (SLR) results. The results showed that the Indonesian government has begun to apply a dynamic governance approach in contextualizing and implementing the bureaucracy. However, resistance to change and past habits from the New Order era became an obstacle to bureaucratic reform. The results also showed that corruption is a fundamental problem that is still being faced in Indonesian culture and needs to be addressed immediately in efforts to reform the bureaucracy.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between regional financial performance and inclusive economic development in Indonesia using secondary data from 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2011-2021. The data sources for this study were collected from the National Development Planning Agency, Directorate General of Fiscal Balance, and Statistics Indonesia. This study uses panel data regression analysis with a fixed effect model because it can reduce bias compared to other panel data models, especially those caused by unobservable time-invariant variables. The results showed that regional financial performance, as measured by the fiscal decentralization ratio, fiscal independence ratio, capital expenditure ratio, and social assistance expenditure ratio, significantly influenced inclusive economic development in Indonesia. Fiscal decentralization and social assistance spending have a positive relationship with inclusive economic development. Meanwhile, fiscal independence and capital expenditure have a negative relationship with inclusive economic growth.

Forest governance within the framework of Special Autonomy in Papua is about improving the welfare of the Papuan people for indigenous communities. The conversion of customary forests into monoculture plantations is the main problem causing deforestation in Papua. In the patrilineal structure and patriarchal culture inherent in Papua, women only have forest management rights, while ownership rights are in the hands of men, and women will feel the impact more heavily than men when environmental degradation continues. Women's limitations in customary construction limit access and control over resources, experience vulnerability, are displaced from their living space and lose their source of livelihood. On the other hand, young people in Papua, as key actors in the process of economic and social change in Papua, have not been widely explored regarding their aspirations and role in forest governance. This study explores various academic literature and grey literature in the form of institutional work reports on forest governance in Papua with feminist political ecology focusing on the situation of gender, generations and young people, deforestation and forest governance in Papua. This study found that indigenous women and young people as part of indigenous communities are still often not considered and excluded from discussion spaces that determine the future of forest governance in Papua. Special Autonomy as respect, recognition and protection for the Papuan people. In the future, it is hoped that this can be a way to overcome injustice and inequality in the management of natural resources experienced by the people in Papua.