Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021)

Identical collaborative governance is used in government and must handle COVID-19 to create fast, precise, focused, integrated and synergistic steps between ministries/agencies, local governments, and other stakeholders. This research describes collaborative governance in efforts to deal with COVID-19 in Riau Province, especially Pekanbaru City, considering that the city recorded a relatively high initial increase in cases compared to other areas in Riau Province as well as the implementation of collaborative management. The research method is qualitative, with the type of research used is the exploratory type and literature study. This article analyses several aspects of collaborative governance, namely the initial role of the government, non-state actors, joint decision making, formal organizing, gaining consensus, and the existence of problems to collaborate both on public policies and services.

Despite being one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia, the prevalence of stunting in Bandung City is more than the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. Stunting is a threat to the quality of human development, also lowering economic productivity. A strategy to reduce and handle stunting is needed so that social and environmental aspects are essential to facilitate the policymaker. This study analyzes the stunting situation in Bandung City and then arranges villages based on the stunting risk index to get an operative recommendation. The quantitative method analysis uses climate change adaptation which includes hazard and vulnerability indicators. At the same time, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) forms the qualitative method with key persons to identify problems and formulate impressive strategies. The results showed that 14 villages have the highest risk of stunting in Bandung City, to be intervention priority. These villages have relatively high poverty, poor access to sanitation, and low adaptive capacity. Recommendations from this study are focused on regional development planning, increasing community participation, and multi-stakeholder cooperation through strengthening innovation, collaboration, and innovation.

In the Corruption Perception Index 2019, Indonesia ranks 90th among 180 countries (Transparency International, 2020). Indonesia still among the lowest rank in the corruption index. This index shows that corruption is an important issue for Indonesia. Therefore, the study aims at examining the determinants of corruption in Indonesia. This study focuses on two important aspects: fiscal decentralization and accountability. Since the enactment of Law Number 22 of 1999, which was then revised by Law Number 32 of 2004, the local government can manage fiscal. It is expected that local governments can use resources for the improvement of the wealth of the citizens. Further, the local government has a responsibility for using the resources.  However, there are cases regarding corruption in local government in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from local government financial statements to search the corruption indication, level of fiscal decentralization, and accountability. The study’s sample consists of 94 districts/cities on Java during the 2013-2015 period. The dependent variable in this study is an indication of corruption. Furthermore, the study divided corruption into three aspects: regional losses, potential regional losses, and revenue deficiency. The independent variables in this study were fiscal decentralization and accountability. This study uses multiple linear regression models to test the effect of fiscal decentralization and accountability on Indonesia’s corruption indicator. The result of the study shows that fiscal decentralization has a negative impact on corruption indication. The higher degree of fiscal decentralization minimizes the corruption indication in Java island. Meanwhile, fiscal decentralization has a negative effect on regional losses and revenue deficiency. Accountability has no significant on corruption indication. However, accountability has a negative impact on regional losses. In conclusion, both fiscal decentralization and accountability have curb corruption indication in the regional losses aspect.

Poverty is an illustration to determine a household’s ability to fulfill fundamental rights or the necessities of a decent and dignified life as measured by the poverty line. Klungkung Regency, in the last five years, has made efforts to accelerate poverty reduction through the macro side. It maintains economic growth, reduces inflation, increases investment, creates jobs, and the micro side, namely increasing income and reducing the burden on public spending. Through pro-poor, pro-employment, and pro-regional growth programs. This research aimed to determine the poverty conditions and the reduction in the percentage of poor people in the Klungkung. The research method used quantitative and qualitative approaches, using government data sources and narrated qualitatively. This research uses the theory of poverty culture, various innovative development programs, and poverty to reduce the percentage and number of poor people from year to year. In 2016 the percentage of poverty was 6.35%, or the number of poor people was 11,210. In 2017 the percentage of poor people was 6, 29%, or the number of poor people by 11,150. In 2018 the percentage of poor people was 5.86%, or the number of poor people was 10,430. In 2019, the percentage of poor people was 5.4%, or the number of poor people was 9,960 people. In 2020 the percentage of poor people was 4.87%, or the number of poor people is 8,760. It is expected that by the end of 2023, the percentage of poverty in Klungkung Regency will be 3%, according to the target of the National Medium‐Term Plan (RPJMN).

The village is the lowest government level located in the administrative area of districts/cities municipalities throughout Indonesia. The rapid advancement of digital technology has brought global changes that require villages to carry out transformation and adaptation. In responding to this, what should be done for the sustainability of the values of life, preserving traditions, culture, and local wisdom, and building human capital to improve the welfare of its citizens? This study aims to find an extraordinary strategy to realize rural resilience through a digital village. The study used a qualitative method with case studies in two villages: i) Cijengkol Village and ii) Sepakung Village. This study finds the importance of digitalization starting from the village. The apparatus and community of Cijengkol Village are increasingly enjoying the benefits of digitization to complete various daily affairs.

Meanwhile, Sepakung Village has published its natural wealth and tourism digitally. The digital village is one of the ideal solutions for rural resilience in the digital era. Human capital is the main factor. Advances in digital technology and digitalization of villages help manage village government, including the development of social life in the community in the village. Second, the village has a global presence, where digitalization has helped change the village's image and the lives of its people. It is hoped that the government will be able to initiate a participatory digital village that is responsive to the dynamics of digitalization, inclusive development, the anticipation of disasters, and digital-based environmental sustainability.

To stimulate rural development and reduce poverty in rural areas, The Government of Indonesia enacted the policy of Village Fund in 2014. However, a few studies have been conducted to examine this program. This study aims to describe how poverty alleviation goes following Village Fund Program in Indonesia between 2015-2019. The poverty reduction was represented by holistic data, including the number of poor and the improvement of village status through Indeks Desa Membangun (IDM). The analysis is conducted using a descriptive method by dividing the areas into six regions, Sumatera, Java & Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku & NT, and Papua. The result showed that over five years, the village fund dramatically increases. Moreover, this growth is along with the slight decline in poverty. The researchers found that the decreasing number of poverty from 2015 to 2019 is about 15%. The IDM status for districts/municipalities shows that the status improved from underdeveloped villages in 2015 to developing villages in 2019.  Java is the region that contributed to making the status improved either to be developing, developed, or independent. While it is the Papua region known as the region consisting of most of the least underdeveloped villages.  Since the goal of this policy in poverty reduction still works slowly, it needs a lot of effort from many levels of government, from the village, regional, and national officials, to cooperatively work together.

This research aimed to examine the effect of village-owned asset administration and the formation of village-owned enterprises on improving the economy of rural communities. This research was conducted in Bali Province with a population of 636 villages. Furthermore, a sampling technique using proportionate stratified random sampling found 87 samples of the study. With a survey research design using a questionnaire, the data is collected directly by the researcher towards the respondent. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. This study indicates that the administration of village assets and the formation of village-owned enterprises have a significant positive effect on improving the rural economy. The contribution of the research is to develop policy theory that is used as a basis for research discussion and practical contributions to be used as village observers, village practitioners, and village government as a basis for decision making and village entrepreneurship development for community welfare. The administration of village assets aims to ensure that all village assets under the control of the asset manager are recorded properly. In this research, suggestions for improving regulations governing the management of village assets can be suggested.

The advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has become a major focus that is often seen in Indonesia's concept of smart cities. As a result, various stakeholders often ignore smart people's dimensions, which have an essential role in realizing a smart city. Therefore, this study aims to explain and compare various smart people policies in metropolitan cities such as Bandung, Jakarta, and Pekanbaru. This study uses literature study research techniques sourced from journals, proceedings, books, and official government websites that provide information relevant to the study's focus. The results showed that smart people's policy dimensions in Bandung, Jakarta, and Pekanbaru consist of three policy dimensions: policies at the education level, creative industry policies, and Smart City Living Lab policies. In the education sector policy, the Municipal Governments of Bandung, Jakarta, and Pekanbaru have the same program orientation. Then, the creative industry sector policy has a different program orientation. The city of Bandung focuses on developing the Little Bandung website, Jakarta focuses on the One District One Center (OK OCE) program. In contrast, Pekanbaru focuses on the Madani Food Week program. Furthermore, the policies in the Smart City Living Lab sector in Bandung, Jakarta, and Pekanbaru have not focused on the parameters of the small-scale smart city development model.

Agropolitan has been considered a solution for minimizing urbanization and creating equitable development between rural and urban areas. It has been one of the programs mentioned in the spatial planning agendas of the Government of Central Java. In Central Java, agropolitan has been started in 2002 and has left many problems related to the implementation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of agropolitan in Central Java. The research was conducted from April to October 2019. This study uses purposive sampling in determining the sample of the performance of the agribusiness sub-terminal at that location. The research started by completing pre-surveys to gain a brief description of the study areas and agropolitan program. The research collected in-depth information about the agropolitan program through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with farmer respondents, traders, and officers involved in agropolitan activities. Data were analyzed using scoring factors and descriptive qualitative. The results showed that in terms of projects, the implementation of agropolitan activities was in a GOOD category, but it was in the MEDIUM category in terms of sustainability. Furthermore, lack of community involvement, support from local government, the unavailability of an exit strategy, and the inflexibility of STAs to sell different commodities were some problems encountered in the implementation and sustainability of the program. As agropolitan is still one of the priorities of the Central Java Government, it is recommended to involve all stakeholders in the whole stages of the program from planning to evaluation, optimize or reactivate the Agropolitan working group, develop an institution that could sustainably implement the programs and the facilities, as well as increase human resource capacity.

The local expansion was a concrete manifestation of local autonomy. In addition, regional expansion is splitting from one region to more than one region to support community welfare. The problems discussed in this study were the consequences of the law of local expansion on the registration of land rights in Ogan Komering Ulu district and solutions to resolve land conflicts due to the expansion of the area. This study uses a normative juridical approach where the literature used is regulations and books. In conclusions, the legal consequences of the division of Ogan Komering Ulu District on the implementation of land registration indicate a change in the work area and authority for making land deeds by the Land Deed Making Officials and changes in the work area and authority in carrying out the duties and obligations of registering land at the Land Office of Ogan Komering Ulu district. To solve this conflict problem, the Ministry of Home Affairs sometimes must intervene in the dispute resolution process. Conflicts like this can hinder the wheels of government in the regions. Another solution is for the government to immediately finalize the grand design while still paying close attention to historical aspects and customs before many conflicts occur in the regions.

The government places research and development (R & D) to take a significant role in implementing local government in an agency. However, there are still many regional research and development tools joined by the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda). This research is qualitative research that aims to describe the conditions and problems of regional research and development joined by the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) and the strengthening strategy and role of regional research and development tools in planning dominance. Primary data were collected through online surveys and in-depth interviews and secondary data through the study of documentation and related statutory regulations. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results showed that the regional research and development under the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) still face internal and external obstacles. Their roles and functions are not optimal. This study recommends strategies for strengthening regional research and development and mechanisms for synergizing the roles of research, development, and planning.

The provision of Child Identity Card (KIA) services does not necessarily provide satisfactory results. This is seen from the realization of Pangandaran District's results, where a Birth Certificate's achievement reached 84 percent in 2019. But in terms of achievement, it is still very minimal; namely, 24 out of 12,224 are obliged to Child Identity Card (KIA). The study aims to explain the organization's contribution, interpretation, and application of the Child Identity Card policy. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive-qualitative analysis method utilizing data obtained from interviews with elements of executing agency officials, cooperation agencies, stakeholders in six local governments with the analysis technique using reduction, display, and conclusion. The study results reveal that policy implementation from the organizational aspect of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy focuses on cooperating with other agencies based on the principle of mutual benefit. It is necessary to create a legal umbrella for cooperation and eliminate sectoral selfishness between government agencies. In the Interpretation aspect, it can be seen that the understanding of the implementing agencies and cooperative agencies on Child Identity Card (KIA) is very good because the rules are clear, technical, and implemented. However, it requires socialization specifically for Child Identity Card (KIA) services to be carried out evenly and extensively in the service area and targeting the community/target groups. In the application aspect, there is still misuse of ink, printing tools, and blanks. Continuity of cooperation is constrained by the lack of profit (small scale), limitations on authority, and e-ID card issuance for local elections (politics). The conclusion on the implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy poses challenges to the ability of human resources as policy implementers and the availability of service delivery infrastructure. Besides, the top-down implementation of the Child Identity Card (KIA) policy coupled with limited resources has an impact on the achievements of local government policies.

Undocumented marriage is a social reality prevalent in many communities, including in Tawau (Sabah, Malaysia), where several Indonesian workers make a living. Examining the process of interrelation structure and agency institutionalizing the practice of undocumented marriage through the depiction of the transformation process and the actors that play a role, the study is intended to obtain comprehensive information on why cases continue to occur even to the third generation. The study also identified the impact of unregistered marriages on migrant workers and their families to obtain a measurable picture of the gravity of the problem. As for the reason why Tawau was taken as the locus, considering that cases of undocumented marriage were quite high in the region. Using a case study type qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and document studies (books, journals, reports, and mass media coverage), the results showed that the marriage process is not recorded as having transformed from generation to generation, which is marked by a decrease in structural strength—and strengthening the roles and abilities of actors to escape structural forces. As a result, the practice of unregistered marriage continues to increase. It is increasingly difficult to stop, although, on the other hand, the real impact of excess marriage is not recorded for the object, especially their children who have difficulty getting educational services. Government efforts to reduce the impact have been made. Unfortunately, it will lose meaning if the increase in unregistered marriages is not stopped.

Law No. 2 of 2018 on MD3 (MPR, DPR, DPRD, and DPD), caused plenty of controversy in public and a lawsuit to the Constitutional Court, due to several problematic articles. Like Article 122k, Article 73, Article 245, and several other articles on the addition of legislative leaders. It indicated the DPR’s inability to formulate and explain the regulations before the media and the public. As such, effective communication management was needed to build public trust in the DPR through media relations. The objective of this study was to review the media relations between the DPR and the journalists in the implementation process of the MD3 Law, as well as how a policy communication process was formed based on the Randall B. Ripley Policy Analysis unit. Researchers used a qualitative method with two analysis models, which were the Randall B. Ripley model of public policy analysis and the media relation concept. The results of the study showed that the formation and implementation of the MD3 Law did not run smoothly from the start, due to the high political interests and the DPR’s poor communication. The role of the DPR News Bureau as the DPR’s Media Relations Officer (MRO) was not optimal. It was encumbered by the normative-administrative work system, the overlapping media relations tasks with the DPR members, and the domination of the Pressroom (parliamentary journalist).

The study aims to analyze the education and training system and apparatus development at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Musi Rawas District with the study indicators, namely aspects of education and training of apparatus, career development, or apparatus and placement of human resources using SWOT analysis. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observation, and documentation study methods. The results showed that the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Musi Rawas District is in the prime and steady condition in developing human resources for apparatus. It is really possible to continue increasing growth and achieving maximum progress even though it poses a large enough threat. The strategic recommendation given is the Progressive Strategy, which means that the organization is stable. The human resource development strategy can be carried out progressively towards improving human resources by increasing activities that encourage the development of human resources intensively and continuously. To implement human resource development at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Musi Rawas District to run well and as needed, it is recommended to determine the priority scale of the education and training. It must be based on the results of the Training Needs Analysis. Then in the implementation of Movements and Promotions carried out based on Career Patterns, Workload Analysis, and Job Analysis.