Melampaui Penyederhanaan Struktural
Transformasi Budaya Birokrasi dan Resistensi terhadap Perubahan Organisasi—Bukti dari Kabupaten Tangerang, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.18.2026.3391Kata Kunci:
penyederhanaan birokrasi, penyetaraan jabatan, budaya birokrasi, resistensi terhadap perubahan, pejabat fungsionalAbstrak
Penyederhanaan birokrasi di Indonesia diperkenalkan untuk mengurangi lapisan hierarki serta mendorong administrasi publik yang lebih lincah, profesional, dan berorientasi pada kinerja; namun, reformasi struktural tidak secara otomatis mengubah budaya birokrasi dan praktik kerja yang telah mengakar kuat. Studi ini mengkaji karakteristik budaya birokrasi pasca-penyederhanaan birokrasi dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mendasari resistensi terhadap perubahan di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Tangerang. Desain fenomenologi kualitatif diterapkan melalui wawancara mendalam semi-terstruktur, observasi terbatas, dan analisis dokumen yang melibatkan pejabat yang terdampak langsung oleh penyetaraan jabatan serta pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaannya. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak NVivo 14 melalui tahapan sistematis berupa pengodean, kategorisasi, pengembangan tema, dan interpretasi. Temuan studi mengungkapkan lima dimensi yang saling berkaitan: budaya hierarkis dan sentralisasi pengambilan keputusan, budaya akuntabilitas administratif-digital, budaya transisi struktural-fungsional, budaya kerja fungsional, dan resistensi terhadap perubahan. Resistensi muncul sebagai tema dominan, yang tercermin dalam ambiguitas peran, ketidakpastian karier, kesenjangan kompetensi, resistensi pasif, dan adaptasi defensif. Meskipun praktik kerja berbasis tim, multitasking, koordinasi berbasis data, responsivitas layanan, dan profesionalisasi mulai berkembang, praktik-praktik tersebut masih terkendala oleh otoritas hierarkis, ketergantungan pada arahan formal, dan identitas kerja yang berorientasi struktural. Studi ini mengonseptualisasikan birokrasi pasca-penyederhanaan sebagai budaya transisi hibrida, di mana praktik fungsional yang baru muncul hidup berdampingan dengan norma struktural yang masih bertahan, sementara resistensi menandakan adanya ketegangan yang belum terselesaikan terkait otoritas, identitas pekerjaan, kompetensi, kepastian karier, dan dukungan organisasi. Oleh karena itu, penyederhanaan birokrasi yang efektif memerlukan manajemen perubahan yang berkelanjutan, pengaturan peran dan karier yang jelas, pengembangan kompetensi, kepemimpinan tim yang berdaya, serta pelembagaan sistem kerja berbasis tim.
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