Hubungan Dana Desa dengan Pembangunan Ekonomi Desa: Studi tingkat Desa di Indonesia
Studi Tingkat Desa di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.493-504Kata Kunci:
Dana Desa, IDM, kebijakan fiskal, pembangunan desaAbstrak
Program Dana Desa merupakan wujud desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia yang ditujukan untuk mendukung pemerataan pembangunan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pemerintah desa berwenang merencanakan penggunaan Dana Desa dan membelanjakannya dengan memperhatikan peraturan dari pemerintah pusat. Penggunaan Dana Desa perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui apakah dana tersebut telah dibelanjakan dengan baik dan mendukung pembangunan ekonomi desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kegiatan program Dana Desa yang dapat mempengaruhi pembangunan ekonomi desa dan menentukan prioritas daerah dalam pemanfaatan Dana Desa untuk pembangunan desa di bidang ekonomi. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan memetakan dan menandai pengeluaran Dana Desa. Pemetaan dan penandaan bertujuan untuk memastikan bahwa belanja Dana Desa sesuai dengan amanat dan untuk mengetahui komposisi porsi belanja ekonomi di masing-masing daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) penggunaan Dana Desa telah sesuai dengan pedoman prioritas penggunaan Dana Desa yang berlaku; (2) pangsa belanja ekonomi di Indonesia bagian timur lebih rendah dibandingkan kawasan lain, namun dengan tren yang terus meningkat, sedangkan porsi belanja ekonomi di pulau Jawa dan Bali menunjukkan angka yang lebih tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penelitian ini menyarankan agar desa di daerah tertinggal mengutamakan belanja Dana Desa untuk perbaikan infrastruktur dan keterbukaan wilayah untuk meningkatkan kemajuan atau kemandirian desa.
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