Tata Kelola Keamanan Pangan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis

Program Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) memerlukan sistem jaminan keamanan pangan yang efektif untuk mencegah kontaminasi dan penyakit bawaan pangan di seluruh tahapan penyelenggaraan makanan. Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan Sertifikat Laik Higiene Sanitasi (SLHS) dan pengawasan operasional dalam memastikan keamanan pangan pada program MBG serta mengembangkan model jaminan keamanan pangan terintegrasi (IFSAM). Tujuh informan dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan keterlibatannya dalam program tersebut, yaitu perwakilan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang, sanitarian, pengelola Satuan Pelayanan Pemenuhan Gizi, penjamah makanan, pengawas program MBG, kepala sekolah, dan kepala kantor Badan Gizi Nasional yang wilayah kerjanya meliputi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Data dianalisis secara tematik dengan triangulasi sumber dan metode untuk memastikan keterpercayaan temuan. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa SLHS berfungsi sebagai mekanisme kesiapan sistem dengan memastikan kesiapan penyelenggara makanan melalui pemenuhan standar higiene dan sanitasi, sedangkan pengawasan operasional berfungsi sebagai mekanisme kepatuhan pelaksanaan yang menjaga konsistensi penerapan standar sepanjang produksi, distribusi, dan penyajian makanan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi sejumlah tantangan, meliputi pemantauan berbasis risiko yang belum optimal, keterbatasan sumber daya pengawasan, koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum terintegrasi, serta mekanisme umpan balik dan tindak lanjut yang belum sistematis, yang berpotensi memengaruhi efektivitas jaminan keamanan pangan. IFSAM mengintegrasikan sertifikasi, pengawasan operasional, koordinasi lintas sektor, mekanisme umpan balik, dan perbaikan berkelanjutan sebagai kerangka konseptual jaminan keamanan pangan pada program MBG.

The Free Nutritious Meals (MBG) program requires an effective food safety assurance system to prevent contamination and foodborne disease throughout all stages of food service operations. This study analyzed the implementation of the Hygiene and Sanitation Eligibility Certificate (SLHS) and operational supervision in ensuring food safety within the MBG program and developed an integrated food safety assurance model (IFSAM). Seven informants were selected by purposive sampling based on their involvement in the program: a representative of the Palembang City Health Office, a sanitarian, a Nutrition Fulfillment Service Unit manager, a food handler, an MBG program supervisor, a school principal, and the head of the National Nutrition Agency office serving South Sumatra province. Data were analyzed thematically, with source and method triangulation to establish the trustworthiness of the findings. The results indicate that the SLHS serves as a system readiness mechanism by ensuring the preparedness of food service providers through compliance with hygiene and sanitation standards, while operational supervision functions as an implementation compliance mechanism that maintains the consistent application of standards throughout food production, distribution, and serving. The study also identified several challenges, including suboptimal risk-based monitoring, limited supervisory resources, insufficiently integrated cross-sectoral coordination, and as yet unsystematic feedback and follow-up mechanisms, potentially affecting the effectiveness of food safety assurance. The IFSAM integrates certification, operational supervision, cross-sectoral coordination, feedback mechanisms, and continuous improvement as a conceptual framework for food safety assurance in the MBG program.