Vol. 14 No. 3 (2022)

This study intend to see the trend of articles published in Jurnal Bina Praja through co-authorship dan co-occurrence analysis by describing the citation trend, most cited articles, top productive author, most collaborated author, most frequently keyword appeared, the latest, and the densest keyword of the journal. This study used several applications for collecting and analyzing the data, namely Publish or Perish for searching the literature, Mendeley for completing the metadata, and VOSviewer for building the visualization and analysis. The result of this study denotes there are 273 articles published online in Jurnal Bina Praja from 2012 volume 4 number 1 to 2021 volume 13 number 2. Based on this mapping, there has been a significant increase in citations from 2017 to 2020. The year 2020 was the year in which this journal obtained the highest number of citations, namely 266 citations compared to the previous year, which was only 162 citations. The most cited article was the one written by Saksono in 2012 entitled "Creative Economy: New Talents for Regional Competitiveness Triggers." The most productive author is Hamudy with a number of publications of 9 documents. In terms of collaboration between authors as seen from co-authorship based on total link strengths, there are 9 clusters, and the most collaborated author with 7 total link strengths, namely Afriyani, Fitri, Manoby, and Pranasari. According to the network visualization, the most frequent keyword that occurred in Jurnal Bina Praja is local government with 18 occurrences. Covid-19 is the latest keyword in the Jurnal Bina Praja in 2021. Local Government is the densest keyword in this journal followed by decentralization, poverty, development, and innovation.

Digitizing government by utilizing the Internet, Communication, and Technology (ICT) is one of the biggest focuses on innovative actions and reforms through various instruments towards improving the quality of public service outcomes. This research discussed the governmental innovation and reform in the South Sumatera Provincial government, which has been trying to increase and improve governmental working transparency and accountability, public management system, and public service improvements known as “E-Sumsel.” By employing qualitative methods, the data collected and extracted from library research such as books, journals as well as the internet. Based on the result, it was found that “E-Sumsel” programs were established to shape digitalizing public management system and for democratic public service transparency and accountability. By focusing on transformations, the South Sumatera provincial government established “E-Sumsel” programs for showing any information about the information such as business opportunities, as well as about the government working. Meanwhile, it has identified several challenges in establishing “E-Sumsel” programs in the South Sumatera government, which remains high-incidence fiefdoms and a strong vertical orientation conspicuous among the governmental agencies. It needs further development to be resolved by creating a new innovative strategy to harmonize the provincial governmental standard operating systems in improving quality public management and public service. For this reason, innovative government action through “E-Sumsel” is very important mode to exist continuously in administrative reform in government institutions with governance innovation that influences each other.

The income Distribution Inequality of Bangka Belitung Islands Province is the lowest nationally. This study aims to obtain more in-depth information regarding any variables or factors that affect the Inequality of Income Distribution in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The type of research used associative quantitative research with Multiple Linear Regression and Simple Linear Regression models, as well as feasibility tests with classical assumption tests, Simultaneous and Partial hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that the factors affecting income distribution inequality in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands are economic growth, human development, poverty, and unemployment by 60.9 percent. Other factors influence the remaining 39.1 percent. Partially, economic growth has a positive and significant effect of 30 percent with a regression coefficient of 0.009. Human development has a negative and significant effect of 55.5 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.006, and poverty has a negative and insignificant effect of 25.8 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.004, unemployment has a negative and insignificant effect of 11.1 percent with a regression coefficient of -0.003. In conclusion, it turns out that the human development factor has a very large role in reducing the inequality in income distribution in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands. So, recommendations to the Provincial Government need to continue to improve Human Development by improving education, health, and people's purchasing power, as well as socializing the importance of Human Development in reducing the level of inequality in development outcomes to the Regency/ City Government in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province.

In Indonesia, which consists of thousands of islands, it is very likely that there will be population inequality between islands. The government initiated the transmigration program to collectively encourage a more even distribution of the population, especially outside Java. The condition of the transmigration location with agricultural potential has encouraged most of the transmigrants to have their main livelihood as farmers. One of the transmigration destinations in Indonesia is Bengkulu Province, which is spread over eight regencies, but Seluma Regency is the only district that is included in the 3T (Frontier, Isolated, Underdeveloped) in Bengkulu Province which is allocated for the settlement of transmigrants, and the Settlement Unit 3 Pagar Banyu is one of the transmigration destinations since 2007. This study aims to analyze the effect of farm diversification, land size, family labor, and non-farm income on transmigrant household income. The population in this study consists of 50 transmigrant households in the settlement unit 03 Pagar Banyu, Ulu Talo District, Seluma Regency, all selected as respondents. Data were collected through interviews based on questionnaires, which were then analyzed with multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that farm diversification, land size, family labor, and non-farm income have a positive and significant effect on the income of transmigrant households. The results imply that transmigrant households should optimize farming in terms of diversification, land size, use of family labor, and engagement in non-farm income opportunities to increase income. Furthermore, the government should provide policies that focus on developing transmigrant farming.

The implementation of Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning regional autonomy required Indonesia to change its economic development system from centralized to decentralized. One form was fiscal decentralization which aimed to promote social welfare and regional independence. However, the economic growth of several regions fluctuated, even though the fiscal decentralization instrument issued by the central government continued to increase. One of the provinces in Indonesia that have implemented a fiscal decentralization policy is Bali. It is categorized as one of the very-good provinces in terms of economic independence, reaching 53 percent, and tent to receive increasing local revenue every year. However, its economy seems to remain relatively high. This study aims to estimate the effect of fiscal decentralization as seen from PAD and balancing funds to the economic growth in districts/cities of Bali Province in 2012-2019. By using panel data regression analysis, this study examines the effect of PAD and balancing funds in the districts/cities of Bali Province and their effects on Bali’s economic growth. This study finds that the best model explaining the influence among those variables is the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). The results show that the DAU and the combination of the utilization of regional income that includes PAD and other legal regional income have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in the districts/cities of Bali Province. Therefore, optimizing the use of regional revenues, both in the form of PAD and Other Legitimate Regional Revenues, may increase economic growth.

Electronic government has become an important issue in Indonesia's bureaucratic reform. Aside from the big-bang decentralization policy, e-govt has endorsed national concerns to digitize the rigid manual procedures of public services. Jakarta, as the capital city, emphasizes IT- the backbone of administration. IT is yet widely used by Jakarta to get a new shape in Jakarta's capabilities and capacities. Over two decades, passing different governors, Jakarta persistent injected IT into public administration, launching integrated IT applications to present a smart city. Despite the award of Jakarta digital services, Jakarta IT management should be evaluated. The approach used in the research to examine the symptoms of the object of study is a mixed-method approach with a sequential model. The informant selection technique uses purposive sampling. Informants' selection process by adjusting the business processes in COBIT 2019 using the RACI Chart method. The data analysis techniques used Guttman Scale. The result shows the appropriate business processes are: APO02 (managed strategy), APO03 (driven architecture), BAI05 (managed organizational change), and DSS06 (managed business process control). The study results show that the capability level is t of 4 scales as a target. The gap value of 0.25 indicates that technology and information management have been implemented and running well, but each business process needs improvement to reach the maximum level. Despite the gap between as-is and to-be, Jakarta's capability level is impressive. It reflects the persistent injection of IT with adequate support. The Jakarta province needs to pay attention to software and hardware compatible with the organization's vision and improve coordination among divisions. Training, staffing, dispatching, and rotating need qualified human resources to enhance organizational performance. DKI Jakarta Province also needs routine monitoring, evaluating problems, and documenting all business processes as a source of information.

In order to increase the tax power of local governments, the central government implemented a major reform in 2010 by transferring the Urban-Country Land and Buildings Tax (PBB-P2) to local governments. Although the tax contributes a significant portion of local government revenues, the spending behavior of local governments is questionable, and it is unclear whether public spending has been increased. This study examines the effect of strengthening PBB-P2 policy on increasing local revenue (PAD) and its impact on regional spending patterns, specifically whether there are still flypapers after policy reform. Applying a fixed-effects panel data method to Indonesian local governments from 2005 to 2020, we found that strengthening PBB-P2 policy had a significant positive impact on PAD. The positive effect was found to be significant one year (year +1) after policy implementation in each region, including for the province, district, and city, with the issuance of regional ordinances related to PBB-P2. Interestingly, the significant increase in PAD impacted regional spending patterns. Thus, the flypaper effect phenomenon did not exist from 2005 to 2020. This implies that the central government can selectively empower local governments to levy appropriate local taxes and user fees. This can be done by providing new local tax sources, restructuring tax types, simplifying usage fee types, and harmonizing regional government regulations with the central government.

This study aims to analyze the cost of subsidies and the opportunity to implement Buy the Service (BTS) for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Padang Panjang City. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Primary data collection includes observation and distribution questionnaires with respondents using public and non-public transport users. The information obtained from the distribution of questionnaires is the origin of the destination, characteristics of public transportation behavior, and the willingness to pay of the community towards public transportation modes that follow public transportation service standards. The operational costs of public vehicles are obtained from the survey results of the basic costs of public transportation, which consist of direct and indirect costs. The results of this study formulate 3 (three) main route trajectories scenarios and cost analysis of BTS implementation that meets Minimum Service Standards (SPM). The estimated subsidy cost for implementing BTS in the three main corridors is 10.09 billion, with the highest subsidy cost being in corridor 1. which is 4.41 billion but has a smaller headway than the other two corridors. The results of this study also recommend the need for continuous socialization to the community regarding the ease and convenience of using BRT as well as equalizing perceptions between local governments and operators regarding the mechanism for providing BRT subsidies.

The Village Fund Program is a manifestation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, which is intended to support equitable development and increase community welfare. The village government has the authority to plan the use of the Village Fund and to spend it concerning regulations from the central government. The use of the Village Fund needs to be evaluated to determine whether the funds have been spent properly and support the village's economic development. This study aims to identify Village Fund program activities that can affect village economic development and determine regional priorities in utilizing Village Funds for village development in the economic field. The analysis was conducted using a qualitative approach by mapping and tagging Village Fund expenditures. The mapping and tagging aim to ensure that Village Fund spending follows the mandate and to know the composition of the share of economic spending in each region. The results showed that: (1) the utilization of the Village Fund was following the applicable priority guidelines for the use of the Village Fund; (2) the share of economic spending in the eastern part of Indonesia is lower than in other regions, but the trend is constantly rising, while the share of economic spending in the islands of Java and Bali shows a higher number. Based on the research results, this study suggests that villages in disadvantaged areas prioritize Village Fund spending for infrastructure improvement and regional openness to increase village progress or independence.

General elections are interpreted as a concrete manifestation of the implementation of democracy in Indonesia. However, the use of the Presidential Threshold is a matter of debate ahead of the 2024 General Election. The issue related to the Presidential Threshold has become a hot issue reported by the Indonesian media. The media have an essential role in shaping public narratives related to policymaking. The part of public records can create collective awareness by providing information about actors' choices in making a policy decision. This study aims to analyze how policymaking actors in Indonesia make decisions regarding using the Presidential Threshold in the 2024 General Election seen from the public narrative formed in the media. A Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) study will be conducted to describe and explain the structure of political narratives in policymaking. This study uses a qualitative research method with a QDAS (Qualitative Data Analysis Software) approach. The data sources in this study came from reputable online media in Indonesia. Research findings show that the government's attitude toward the House of People's Representatives (DPR) as policymakers does not waver towards implementing the 20% Presidential Threshold in the upcoming 2024 elections. However, the narrative built on the media regarding implementing the Presidential Threshold is more dominated by the contrast. This is inseparable from the political interest ahead of the 2024 general election. Namely, to carry and win presidential and vice-presidential candidates who are supported by each political actor involved.

Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark (TCUGG) has not only geological phenomena of international geological significance value but also has outstanding universal value by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The establishment of TCUGG as a national priority and the Lake Toba Authority Agency is a serious commitment from the government to develop this region. Although it is now a super-priority tourism destination, over the last six decades, the water level of Lake Toba has decreased significantly by 2.4 cm per year from 1957 to 2016. The environmental quality index shows a decline from year to year, and environmental conditions of Lake Toba are already very severe due to various factors. The government and local communities are still running independently for the conservation agenda. This empirical research uses a mixed method of sequential explanation. The main objective of the research is to analyze the determinants of local people's choices to participate in conservation activities in TCUGG. From the research results, the significant factors that determine the local communities' participation in conservation activities are water availability, incentives, suitability of seeds, trust level for the initiator, and the success rate of previous conservation. Society does not need promises or rhetoric, especially for those who have participated before and experienced low success rates. Application of reward and punishment as an incentive for the community to participate in conservation activities and to further encourage their motivation. The main key is to serve the needs of the community in conservation practices.

Poverty reduction strategies should refer to who and why poverty occurs to make sustainable development programs effective for the welfare of society. The research aims to describe the problem conditions of the farmer households in Mutunggeding Village, Umalulu District, East Sumba Regency, with an overview of natural assets and human and physical resources. The research method used descriptive qualitative based on secondary and primary data from observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews with 102 randomly selected farmers to answer 41 key questions. The study results found that most farmers were young farmers with paddy fields and gardens, had low education and had supporting skills and good health. However, these land assets have yet to function optimally to meet household economic needs due to a scarcity of subsidized fertilizers, minimal hand tractors, and uneven distribution of irrigation water. This condition will be even more severe if the farmer must bear the burden of customs and culture, so you must go into debt and pawn your paddy fields. On the other hand, the strength of the community's social assets is a strong capital to survive against poverty. Therefore, the Government needs to strengthen the synergy of farmer groups, agricultural BP3K, and BUMDesa in overcoming the fundamental problems experienced by farmers and also needs to strengthen the institutional capacity of BUMDesa as a foundation for improving the people's economy.

Crisis, natural or man-made, is inevitable in our life because of human social interactions. Crises are caused by ineffective communication yet are better solved with effective communication. Scholars have studied social media's role in crisis management as an information propagator and their cost effectiveness during a crisis. Social media can potentially influence multiple public strata during and after the crisis. Social media serve as tools for relationship management which is a crucial part of crisis management; equally, public relations also serve the same. This paper explores how effective crisis communication management can be achieved via Social Networking Systems (SNS). Drawing from the existing literature as the method used, this paper reviews articles and studies on public relations strategy and effective crisis management. It expounds on examples of how relationships can be well-managed through social media in crises. This paper has increased our knowledge of crisis management by understanding how crises are managed. Findings are that crisis communication was managed from four conceptual lenses scholars have investigated; that crises can be prevented- partially if not completely- with a proper crisis communication plan; that having a crisis communication plan may not suffice except is handled by professional relationship managers who know how to communicate and understand the use of the conventional and new media with the influential role of symmetrical communication. Therefore, the paper concluded that since crisis leads to the bad relationship due to a lack of understanding of the situation and behavior and to facilitate this, it suggests that crisis is better managed through effective public relations managers.

The Indonesian government realizes that developing alternative instruments for financing the state budget needs to continue—one of them with financing instruments based on sharia principles. This study examines the response of the Indonesian government in policy actions to seek financing for research and development infrastructure through Sukuk financing. This study uses a qualitative method with a narrative approach. This study uses three data collection techniques: regulatory survey, secondary data research, and Expert Elicitation with Experts' Judgments. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses content analysis, stakeholder analysis matrix, 're-analysis,' and digital discourse analysis. The results of this research reveal that the policy actions taken by the Indonesian government are through 1) regulatory in the form of policies related to the Sukuk financing policy in Indonesia, by issuing one regulation in the form of a law, one rule in the form of a Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia, and four rules at the level of ministerial regulations. On the other hand, the results of the mapping of stakeholders show that there are four clusters of actors, namely decision makers, project initiators, support partners, and civil society - media. 2) applicative action in the form of budget allocation related to infrastructure financing Sukuk in the research and development sector, during 2018-2022, financed 41 projects from 10 ministries/agencies. In the end, this research provides recommendations; namely, it is necessary to diversify the types of infrastructure that can be financed from Sukuk financing so that they follow the needs of Ministries/Agencies and Local Governments.

The quality of audit opinion results of local government financial statements in 2015 – 2020 has increased. Still, non-compliance with laws and corruption cases has increased, indicating that the implementation of Good Government Governance (GGG) has not gone well. This paper provides empirical evidence of the role of human development in realizing GGG and its effect on the performance of local governments in Indonesia. The research was designed as associative quantitative research, an organizational unit of analysis. The total population is the regency and city government in Indonesia, as many as 514 local governments, and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. The qualified samples were 268 local governments, with data observed from 2018 to 2020, or 3 years, so the number was 804. The data was sourced from the Regional Government Implementation Performance Evaluation report. The GGG variables were measured using indices and local government performance variables use scores. The main analysis uses SEM PLS and additional analysis with panel regression. The results showed that GGG had a significant effect on the performance of local governments. Novelty, the dimension of human development can strengthen the GGG variable so that its influence on the performance of local governments is even greater. This research has theoretical, managerial, policy, and practical implications. In addition, the completeness of the research data, which is still lacking in information, is a limitation of this study. Furthermore, recommendations for local governments so that human development receives special attention to increasing competitiveness by increasing the allocation of labor budgets.