Model Inovasi Kebijakan Daerah untuk Integrasi Ketahanan Perkotaan dalam Perspektif Pertahanan
Studi Komparatif Kota-Kota Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.10.1.2026.43-58Kata Kunci:
Ketahanan Perkotaan, Inovasi Kebijakan Daerah, Perencanaan Tata Ruang, Ketahanan Digital, Pertahanan SipilAbstrak
Kawasan perkotaan semakin berperan sebagai simpul strategis dalam sistem ketahanan nasional dalam menghadapi ancaman multidimensional, seperti terorisme, perubahan iklim, disrupsi siber, dan konflik hibrida. Namun, dalam konteks Indonesia, integrasi antara ketahanan dan pertahanan belum secara sistematis terakomodasi dalam kebijakan pembangunan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model inovasi kebijakan daerah dalam mengintegrasikan ketahanan perkotaan ke dalam sistem perencanaan dan tata kelola pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain comparative case study terhadap delapan kota global, yaitu Singapura, New York, London, Tel Aviv, Dubai, Tokyo, Seoul, dan Copenhagen, melalui analisis literatur dan dokumen kebijakan. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan dimensi spasial, teknologi, dan sosial dalam praktik ketahanan perkotaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pola utama integrasi ketahanan, yaitu (1) spatial resilience melalui penguatan tata ruang dan infrastruktur tahan krisis, (2) digital resilience melalui sistem pemantauan dan respons berbasis teknologi, serta (3) social resilience melalui peningkatan kapasitas dan partisipasi masyarakat. Variasi pendekatan antar kota dipengaruhi oleh jenis ancaman, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan tingkat pemanfaatan teknologi. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada perumusan model inovasi kebijakan berbasis tiga pilar yang bersifat operasional dan adaptif, yang dapat diintegrasikan ke dalam instrumen perencanaan daerah seperti RTRW dan RPJMD. Model ini memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi pemerintah daerah dalam membangun sistem ketahanan perkotaan berbasis risiko secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan.
Referensi
Almulhim, A. I. (2025). Building urban resilience through smart city planning: A systematic literature review. Smart Cities, 8(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8010022
Baram, G., & Ben-Israel, I. (2025). Redefining vigilance: Reevaluating the meaning of early warning in Israel's security doctrine and the October 7 attack. Intelligence and National Security, 40(3), 470-485. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2025.2466267
Bermant, A. (2014). Iron Dome protection: Missile defense in Israel's security concept. In A. Kurz & S. Brom (Eds.), The lessons of Operation Protective Edge. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies.
Bhanye, J. (2025). Flood-tech frontiers: smart but just? A systematic review of AI-driven urban flood adaptation and associated governance challenges. In Discover Global Society. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44282-025-00190-9
Chan, J. K. H., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Urban resilience in the smart city. The 12th Conference of The International Forum On Urbanism: Beyond Resilience, 95(June), 102-109. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334398312_Urban_Resilience_in_the_Smart_City
Coaffee, J., & O'Hare, P. (2008). Urban resilience and national security: The role of protective security. Urban Design and Planning, 161(4), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.2008.161.4.173
Coaffee, J., & Rogers, P. (2008). Rebordering the city for new security challenges: From counter-terrorism to community resilience. Space and Polity, 12(1), 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562570801969556
Doss, E. (2010). Memorial mania: Public feeling in America. University of Chicago Press.
Efthymiopoulos, M. P. (2016). Cyber-security in smart cities: The case of Dubai. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 5(11). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0036-x
Elmqvist, T., Fragkias, M., Goodness, J., Guneralp, B., Marcotullio, P. J., McDonald, R. I., & Wilkinson, C. (2019). Sustainability and resilience for transformation in the urban century. Nature Sustainability, 2(4), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0250-1
Fussey, P., & Murray, D. (2019). Independent Report on the London Metropolitan Police Service's Trial of Live Facial Recognition technology. Human Rights Centre, University of Essex.
Hasian, M. A., & Paliewicz, N. S. (2020). The Fortification of New York City: Post-9/11 Memorialization and the Localization of the War on Terror. In Memory and Monument Wars in American Cities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53771-5_2
Hexagon Safety Infrastructure and Geospatial. (2022). Delivering end-to-end incident management across the Tel Aviv Red Line. Case Study: Tel Aviv Light Rail. Hexagon.
Higashino, M., Kitamura, Y., & Kani, N. (2023). Seismic isolation and response control of buildings in Japan. International Journal of High-Rise Buildings, 12(4), 299-306. https://doi.org/10.21022/IJHRB.2023.12.4.299
Janackovic, G., Vranjanac, Z., & Vasovic, D. (2025). Enhancing urban resilience: Integrating actions for resilience (A4R) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) for sustainable urban development and proactive hazard mitigation. Sustainability, 17(14), 6408. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146408
Landau, E. B., & Bermant, A. (2014). Iron Dome Protection: Missile Defense in Israel's Security Concept. In A. Kurz & S. Brom (Eds.), The lessons of Operation Protective Edge (pp. 37-42). Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies.
Liu, L., Fryd, O., & Zhang, S. (2019). Blue-Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Urban Stormwater Management - Lessons from Six Municipality-Led Pilot Projects in Beijing. Water, 11, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102024
Ljungkvist, K. (2024). The military-strategic rationality of hybrid warfare: Everyday total defence under strategic non-peace in the case of Sweden. European Journal of International Security, 9(4), 533-552. https://doi.org/10.1017/eis.2024.18
Machiels, T. (2022). Cloudburst Management Plan: Blue-green infrastructure for climate adaptation in Copenhagen. CLIMATEFIT International Best Practice Factsheet. University of Antwerp.
Marcuse, P. (2002). Urban Form and Globalization after September 11th: The View from New York. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26(3), 596-606. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00402
Meerow, S., & Newell, J. P. (2016). Urban resilience for whom, what, when, where, and why? Urban Geography, 40(3), 309-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2016.1206395
Prasetyo, H., Suharto, P., Santoso, T. I., & Al-Mujaddid, S. (2025). Hybrid warfare and total defense strategy: Indonesia's comprehensive security framework in the Indo-Pacific era. International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 5(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v5i1.1786
Rane, N. L., & Achari, A. (2025). Defining urban resilience and sustainability: A review of dimensions, key indicators, assessments, and characteristics. In Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Resilient Urban Development and Management (pp. 3-29). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92850-5_1
Seoul Metropolitan Government. (2023). Seoul to create digital platform for disaster response using big data and AI. City News - Official Release.
Singapore Civil Defence Force. (2024). Evacuation planning guidelines for public and industrial premises. Singapore: SCDF.
Singapore Government. (2025). Singapore: Leveraging Tech for Smarter Emergency Response. Official City Report.
Song, Y., Zhang, Y., & Yu, H. (2024). Urban community security system model from the perspective of resilience: a study on Chinese cities. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 6, 1292740. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2024.1292740
Strom, K. J., & Eyerman, J. (2008). Interagency coordination: Lessons learned from the 2005 London train bombings. NIJ Journal, 261, 1-8. https://nij.ojp.gov/nij-journal/nij-journal-issue-261
Tambe, S. T. (2025). Population dynamics and urban expansion: Implications for sustainable land use in developing regions. International Journal of Geography, Geology and Environment, 7(9), 65-67. https://doi.org/10.22271/27067483.2025.v7.i9a.410
Tan, B., Chin, J. C., Lee, C. K., & Wong, K. F. (2019). Planning and design of a Civil Defence shelter station in Singapore. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 14(4), 509-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(00)00012-2
Tang, K., & Osaragi, T. (2024). Multi-objective evacuation planning model considering post-earthquake fire spread: A Tokyo case study. Sustainability, 16(10), 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103989
U.S. Department of Defense. (2024). UFC 4-010-01: DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings. Washington, DC: Unified Facilities Criteria.
Weissmann, M. (2023). Urban Warfare: Challenges of Military Operations on Tomorrow's Battlefield. In M. Weissmann & N. Nilsson (Eds.), Advanced Land Warfare: Tactics and Operations. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857422.003.0007
World Bank Group Korea Office. (2022). Smart Cities in the Republic of Korea: A Journey Toward Institutionalization and Innovation (Note Series Number 9).
Yahia, O., Chohan, A. H., Arar, M., & Awad, J. (2025). Toward Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Systematic Review of Transit-Oriented Development for The Appraisal of Dubai Metro Stations. Smart Cities, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8010021
Yedla, H., Veeranki, S., Thota, S., & Vaddi, K. M. J. (2025). AI-driven flood severity forecasting for sustainable urban development (SDG11): Comparing regression, ensemble, and deep learning methods. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2651, 259-275. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-04225-5_17
Yun, J. (2021). Bunkers as difficult heritage: Imagining future for underground spaces in Seoul. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 20(6), 581-593. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.1941980
Zeng, X., Yu, Y., Yang, S., Lv, Y., & Sarker, M. N. I. (2022). Urban resilience for urban sustainability: Concepts, dimensions, and perspectives. Sustainability, 14(5), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052481
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Penulis
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional berlaku untuk semua karya yang diterbitkan oleh Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan. Penulis akan mempertahankan hak cipta dari karya tersebut.
