Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022)

This study aimed to examine the visit of bureaucratic officials to local head candidates who have been confirmed to win local elections, commonly known as sowan. The officials ignore the neutrality aspect of bureaucracy that should be strictly upheld. This phenomenon is explained by the concept of a new paternalistic bureaucracy. This study used a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and documentation was utilized as data collection methods for this study. This study's interview and FGD participants include local officials with knowledge of the sowan phenomenon and general civil servants in Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, Cilacap, and Kebumen. This study discovered that sowan in the perspective of bureaucracy signifies friendship, loyalty, approach, and negotiation. This research highlights the strength of paternalistic bureaucracy, which generally begins in the final phase of the democratic process of local elections. Conceptually, this study is useful to explain the sowan phenomenon concerning bureaucratic neutrality and democracy and provide practical insights on the importance of law enforcement to violators of bureaucratic neutrality. This study explains the new paternalistic bureaucracy in the era of democracy in local governments in Indonesia. This study recommends the importance of law enforcement for violators of bureaucratic neutrality without discrimination, the improvement of the relationship between political and bureaucratic officials that reflect better partnerships in the recruitment of career officials, and the importance of bureaucrats who are committed to maintaining the principle of merit in the selection of local officials.

Technological Advances encourage internet users on mobile phones or other communication tools to access or obtain information via social media, including conversations on social media on Twitter, about the implementation of Provincial special autonomy. This research method utilizes Twitter data crawled by the Drone Emprit Academic application with the keyword " special autonomy of Papua." The study analyzed 170,641 mentions collected on Twitter with the tweet "Special Autonomy for Papua." The results of this study show that the community's response to Papua's special autonomy from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2022, was 170,641 mentions. The results of this study showed the public reaction to conversations related to Papuan special autonomy on Twitter that positive sentiment dominated with 124,181 (73 percent) mentions, followed by negative sentiment with 37,570 (22 percent) mentions, and neutral sentiment with 8,890 (5 percent) mentions. The results of this study contribute to understanding the dominant topic of Papua's special autonomy, which can be used as a reference by the government in supporting policies and improving service quality through Papua's special autonomy.

The relationship between the environment and economy and people's consumption is still contradictory in efforts to save the environment. Excessive consumption and production patterns lead to polluted rivers. This qualitative research aims to describe the management of the Batang Arau watershed from a GEG perspective. Primary data was collected with in-depth interviews regarding the condition. Secondary data was obtained study of documentation related to laws and regulations. Informants are determined by the purposive sampling method (Sugiyono, 2017). Informants are parties related to the watershed. Data obtained were analyzed with Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP) technique 1. Results showed the management of the Batang Arau watershed had not been implemented following principles of Good Environmental Governance; findings in the field found that; Public awareness is low, the law of environmental protection has not been optimal, and access to industrial waste information has not been opened, the government response is quite good, and environmental consensus has not been reached, there is a sectoral ego, a long bureaucratic path, environmental responsibility is lacking. Constraints, unified management vision among stakeholders, insufficient budget and fleet, low supervision, IPAL facilities have not integrated, Illegal logging, and inter-sectoral coordination are still problematic. Efforts made by the government: Conducting socialization to the community, cleaning and dredging watershed, and normalizing and rehabilitating critical land. Management must be carried out thoroughly, so there is no gap between upstream and downstream. We argue to create a balanced ecosystem. The government needs to improve management as a whole with a Good Environmental Governance approach in every management action to create sustainable management.

Economic recovery policy in low-income communities is a priority of the government in tackling the tidal wave of the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to map the government's priorities and rapid action in its careful planning also implementation. The challenge is how society has a drive about a wide range of choices that have many possibilities, namely maximizing added value to the aid or fulfilling desires that approach irrational behavior. Therefore, encouragement is needed by every individual to choose choices that are in line with the government's policy objectives to eliminate or eliminate extreme poverty. The method used is an analysis of social science and behavioral science with circumplex strategy, which is further analyzed in correlation with quantitative methods using Kendall W. Test analysis and continued double regression. The results showed that encouragement had a positive and insignificant influence on the effectiveness of BLT policies; predictions of irrational behavior have a negative and insignificant influence on the effectiveness of BLT policies; And together, nudge and irrational predictably have a positive and significant influence on the effectiveness of Top Up BLT policies. Recommendations on the encouragement in improving the architecture of choice are the collaboration between the program implementation team and related stakeholders; irrational behavior predictions are anticipating irrational behavior tendencies by understanding the vulnerability of preconditions and conditions in the implementation of the program; the maintenance of the commitment of the central and local government and village government in enforcing regulations.

Geopark is an area that combines the uniqueness of geology, biodiversity, and cultural diversity that is managed for the needs of conservation, education, and sustainable economic development of the community. The existence of this Geopark has opened up opportunities and become a great chance for local communities. Gorontalo province has the biggest potential natural resources for development; in this matter, we need local creativity to build efforts in special characters and also unique for itself. The Gorontalo Geopark is currently undergoing improvements for the development of MSMEs to create innovative products related to the Geopark and actively contribute to the local economic growth of the community. This study aims to understand the existence of geo products as part of MSMEs and find out how the strategy of geo product development for local economic growth can support the development of the Gorontalo geopark. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and secondary data obtained from the relevant agencies. The results showed that geo products are one of the first steps in developing MSMEs to improve the community's economy, although, in practice, there are still problems. In this condition, the local government must formulate a policy strategy for developing MSMEs through geo product, namely fixing the database, increasing community capacity, creating innovation, creating geopark branding, optimizing the use of technology, stakeholder collaboration also promotion strategy. This policy strategy is formulated so that the presence of geo products can support the Gorontalo geopark in improving community welfare.

The discussion on the Travel Corridor Arrangement (TCA) between the Indonesian and Singaporean governments will continue in the future, but technically and practically, there are still certain issues that the Indonesian government has not addressed effectively. This demonstrates that we are technically still waiting for the correct judgement while the COVID-19 pandemic's case count declines. The goal of this article is to examine different research hypotheses on the elements that impact Indonesia's readiness for TCA with the Singapore government. The technique employed is a qualitative literature review. To bolster the literature review with secondary data, the researchers enhanced the examination of research hypotheses using the NVivo program, which was then thoroughly assessed. The findings indicate that researchers will also identify that Indonesia will be more sensitive to TCA than Singapore, resulting in the decision being rejected, while the next hypothesis is that TCA is also focused on tourists, as opposed to business activities between the two countries, and that the Indonesian government has also proposed implementing RGL, but RGL is not a priority, implying that TCA is more effective. if RGL is emphasized, the hypothesis may be accepted. This suggests that based on some of the results of these hypotheses, the rejection of the first hypothesis is due to a lack of expertise in Human Resource Management in implementing TCA with the Singapore government

Indonesia is one of the list of developing countries in the world. The thing that is most often found in developing countries is vast populations. As one of the countries with the highest demographic bonus, Indonesia ranks at the top of the list for the world's population density. The complexity of the problem of population data in Indonesia has become an enormous homework for the government. The issue of this occupation data has haunted the Indonesian government for a long time. This study aims to analyze the politicization of Indonesian population data governance from the moral agent perspective. This study uses a qualitative approach. Sources of data were collected from previous studies related to the research topic by analyzing the phenomena in Indonesia. The findings of this study reveal the game of politicians and bureaucracy in playing population data. The game is in the form of politicizing data based on political interests. In the principal-agent perspective, where the contract is signed under asymmetric information when one party knows certain relevant things that the other party does not know

Several prominent reports have highlighted the unsatisfactory level of anti-corruption transparency for the private sector in Indonesia. Hence, the anti-corruption vision is still an aspect that deserves to be campaigned for to form an advanced and just civilization. This study aims to obtain a pattern of knowledge in predicting the level of transparency of disclosure of fraud violations based on a data mining approach. The classification function algorithm in this study is a decision tree which is then compared with other classification function algorithms, naive Bayes, and k-in. The sample in this study is 141 companies combined in the construction, mining, and banking sectors, which are on the IDX for the 2019 period. As a result, the decision tree algorithm provides the second-best performance in predicting the level of corporate transparency, namely an accuracy of 70.92% and an AUC level of 0.740. Then in terms of different tests, the decision tree algorithm is in the same cluster as the algorithm with the best performance because the t-test results show no significant difference. Based on the pattern generated by the decision tree algorithm, the elements of opportunity, pressure, and arrogance are considered key factors in predicting the level of transparency of disclosure of fraud violations. One of them can be interpreted that a company that is supervised by a minimum of four independent commissioners means company tends to be predicted to be more daring in disclosing anti-corruption information in its annual report to the wider public data mining algorithms utilizing the advantages of each agency's internal data volume to map anti-corruption cultural socialization strategies in private sector companies.

Regional autonomy provides opportunities and challenges for Regional Governments to manage and explore sources of Regional Revenue. As the Capital of the Province, Pangkalpinang still relies on transfers, fund and yet their regional revenue is very low. This study tries to identify and map tax and levy revenues in Pangkalpinang and then formulate strategic recommendations that the Government may consider increasing regional revenue. This study analyzes the effectiveness, contribution, and growth of regional tax and retribution revenue in Pangkalpinang between 2016 and 2020. The contribution and growth analysis results are the basis for the Klassen analysis. This study's results indicate that tax revenue's effectiveness in the Pangkalpinang rate is 114.54%, while the effectiveness of retribution is 96.61%. The regional tax revenue with the largest contribution is street lighting tax, which contributes 36.49%. In contrast, the largest contribution of retribution is the revenue from the use of regional wealth, which is 25.05%. Based on Klassen's analysis, knowing that four sectors are in the developing category, four sectors are in the advanced but depressed category, five sectors are in the potential category, and the remaining nineteen sectors are in the lagging category. Therefore, the researcher suggests that the Government focus on developing and developing depressed sectors if they want to increase local tax and retribution revenues in the short term. However, they must focus on developing potential sectors if they're going to increase regional tax and levy revenues long-term.

The problem of poverty still exists today, and economic disparities are still found in districts/cities in Indonesia. The government has taken various ways to alleviate the problem of poverty, one of which is by distributing village funds to all corners of the country. Based on the data availability in Buku Saku Dana Desa and Buku Pintar Dana Desa published by the Ministry of Finance, Village income from 2015 to 2017 tends to increase. Meanwhile, the number of poor individuals throughout Indonesia between 2016 and 2017 has decreased. This paper attempts to examine whether or not Village Income, such as Village Funds, Revenue Sharing Taxes and Levies, Village Fund Allocations, and Village Original Income, as well as the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product), affect the incidence of District/City poverty in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from Statistics Indonesia for two years, consisting of 407 districts/cities in Indonesia each year. The regression analysis with static panel data using a double log model is the data analysis technique used in this article. The results show that Village Income and GRDP have an effect on poverty in districts/cities in Indonesia, with values of -0.0004 for Village Funds, 0.003 for Revenue Sharing Taxes and Levies, -0.026 for Village Fund Allocation, 0.002 for Village Original Income, and -0.197 for Gross Regional Domestic Product. We advise the government to increase village fund transfers, village fund allocation, and GRDP to lower poverty levels.

Social policies include increased social protection, approaches to improving living standards, and access to decent work. The description discusses two concepts, namely collaborative governance and the concept of social policy. Methodologically and technically, the two concepts are side by side in the context of implementing decentralization policies. Collaborative governance as collaboration is a relationship designed to solve a problem through the creation of solutions in conditions that are full of limitations  (Ansell & Gash, 2008). At the same time, the social policy responds to social problems, which tends to ignore the assessment of some people that they are not in a socially problematic condition (Spicker, 2014). social policy has many forms, such as health, education, housing, and other social services. The method uses a descriptive qualitative and qualitative verification analysis strategy model. Post-disaster handling, collaborative governance is applied through the government's efforts to carry out recovery that focuses on the residential, economic, infrastructure, social and cross-sectoral sectors. The results also show obstacles in collaborative governance, such as delays in building houses for the community, mismatch of specifications between what was promised and what was received by the community, and low public understanding. This study also shows that post-disaster management collaborative governance can be implemented using several strategies divided by sector and sub-sector; the right communication pattern increases community involvement in the entire post-disaster management process in Banten province. All strategies would be better if packaged in the form of government innovation. This means that post-disaster management, especially in repair and development efforts, is an important agenda for government collaboration.

Commitment, motivation, and performance are several factors influencing career path development. This research was conducted based on observations and preliminary data from pre-research results at the General Bureau of the Regional Secretary of East Nusa Tenggara Province, that employee commitment and motivation were still lacking. As a result, performance achievement and employee career paths decline. This study aims to prove and analyze the variables of Commitment and motivation on performance and their implications for career paths at the Secretary-General Bureau of East Nusa Tenggara Province. The population in this study were employees of the General Bureau of the Regional Secretary of the Province of NTT, as many as 115 people. The number of 90 samples in this study was determined from the number of indicators used, namely 18, multiplied by 5. Hence, the sample in this study was 90 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the variables of Commitment, motivation, employee career path, and performance were included in the very good category. The results of inferential statistical analysis from the data from the General Secretariat of the Regional Secretariat of the Province of East Nusa Tenggara show that: 1). motivation and performance have a significant effect on employee career paths. 2). Commitment and motivation have a significant effect on performance. 3). Commitment does not significantly affect employee career paths; 4). Performance mediates the effect of Commitment and motivation on employee career paths; 4). Performance mediates the effect of Commitment and motivation on employee career paths. The contribution of the variables of Commitment, motivation, and performance to the career path of employees is 89.8 percent. At the same time, the rest is a contribution from other variables that do not contribute. It is recommended that the General Bureau of the Regional Secretary of East Nusa Tenggara Province increase Commitment and motivation for employees through creating comfortable and harmonious conditions in the work environment, giving prizes to employees who achieve targets, and providing periodic training.

The enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages carries the views and new concepts of village governance policies nationally. The Village Law provides a good opportunity for villages to manage their administration and development to improve rural residents' welfare and quality of life. This research investigates the influence of HR advantages and IT utilization on village fund management system and village government performance and the influence of HR advantages and IT utilization on village government performance mediated by village fund management system. Respondents were 287 village officials in Tegal Regency. Data collection method using simple random sampling. The data analysis used is SEM-PLS analysis. The findings show that HR advantages do not influence the village fund management system, and IT utilization influences it. HR advantages influence village government performance, and IT utilization does not influence village government performance. Village fund management systems influence village government performance. The village fund management system cannot mediate the relationship between HR advantages and village government performance but can mediate the relationship between HR advantages and village government performance. The village government can implement the results of this study to effectively improve some policies related to HR advantages and IT utilization.

The scheme for the disbursement of social assistance through the Family Hope Program (PKH) during the COVID-19 pandemic changed, originally once every three months; now, it is carried out every month from April to December 2020. This change in the scheme has resulted in various responses from Beneficiary Families (KPM). PKH. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data collection in this study was conducted through in-depth interviews and direct observation in the field. In order to determine the informants, this study uses a sampling technique with purposive sampling. The results showed that the response of KPM PKH in Nagari Gunung Rajo in terms of perception, attitude, and participation aspects showed a positive response. This can be seen from the PKH KPM. They have understood the purpose of changing the PKH program assistance scheme, the terms, methods, and timing of aid distribution, and are actively participating in PKH activities. Researchers recommend the government consider changing the PKH assistance scheme because it will reduce the amount of assistance received by KPM and increase transportation costs. Besides that, it also has a big impact, especially for those whose assistance is of small value. The most important thing is that clear public communication and definite regulations are needed so that KPM is not confused by sudden changes in the scheme, and it is necessary to carry out synergies because the key to the success of this program lies in multi-stakeholder communication, cooperation, and coordination.

This study focuses on the collaboration between the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Government of Indonesia, the Bhakti Jaya Indonesia Foundation, and the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur to improve the economic protection of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. The three actors are representatives of state actors and non-state actors. The financial condition of Indonesian migrant workers is often in the spotlight with their inability to get out of the debt trap and consumptive financial management. Moreover, this condition finally seemed to throw away all the hard work of PMI while working abroad. Based on this fact, an institutional collaboration between state and non-state actors has initiated a financial literacy program for Indonesian migrant workers, which is indeed the implementation of the normative law of economic protection in accordance with the mandate of state law. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach which aims to describe the phenomena raised by the researchers through contextual studies. Researchers also use a literature review instrument to complement the research approach. Meanwhile, researchers used qualitative data analysis that took primary and secondary data for data analysis. This study highlights how the gaps in Indonesian migrant workers' inability to manage their finances can be addressed with good collaboration between state and non-state actors. It is hoped that from this research, there will be many similar programs to improve Indonesian migrant workers' welfare, especially in Taiwan.