Perkembangan Reduksi Asap Rokok dalam Rumah Menuju Kabupaten/Kota Layak Anak
Fakta dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 dan 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.193-206Kata Kunci:
tobacco smoke pollution, home crowding, city/regency, region, smoke-free home policyAbstrak
Pada 2017, hanya sekitar 26,68 persen rumah tangga Indonesia bebas tembakau. Infeksi pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada anak balita berkaitan dengan polusi asap rokok didalam rumah. Menurut peraturan presiden nomor 25 tahun 2021, beberapa indikator yang harus dipenuhi untuk pembentukan kota/kota yang ramah anak (KLA) adalah hak anak atas lingkungan kesehatan dan keluarga. Data dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 dan 2017 digunakan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan capaian rumah tangga bebas asap rokok dengan mengestimasi prevalensi merokok dalam ruangan di daerah perkotaan-pedesaan dan tingkat regional. Analisis uji-t digunakan untuk menentukan signifikansi statistik.
Temuan menunjukkan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi dari merokok dalam ruangan di daerah pedesaan. Seiring waktu, prevalensi merokok dalam ruangan di rumah tangga di daerah pedesaan Indonesia menurun sebesar 0,84 persen. Antara 2012 dan 2017, tidak ada pengurangan yang signifikan di Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, atau Maluku-Papua. Selain itu, Sulawesi mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sekitar 4,54 persen. Dari 2012 hingga 2017, prevalensi merokok dalam ruangan lebih tinggi di rumah tangga dengan anak balita, rumah tangga yang padat, rumah tangga miskin, dan rumah tangga dengan kepala rumah tangga berpendidikan rendah.
Oleh karena itu, intervensi harus fokus pada daerah pedesaan. Pemerintah kota di Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Nusa Tenggara, dan Maluku-Papua harus lebih peduli tentang polusi asap rokok dalam ruangan. Kampanye untuk meningkatkan kesadaran keluarga tentang bahaya polusi asap rokok dalam ruangan ditujukan pada rumah tangga yang memiliki anak balita, rumah tangga yang penuh sesak, rumah tangga berpenghasilan rendah, dan rumah tangga dengan kepala rumah tangga berpendidikan rendah.
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