Skip to main content
Original Research Article Open Access SINTA 2 Accredited

Navigating the New Academic Reality

Adaptive AI Governance and Ethics in Global Scientific Publishing

Authors

DOI
10.21787/jbp.17.2025-3090
Published & Pages
31 August 2025
License
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Read PDF 664 KB Cite

646 Views 397 Downloads

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) has fundamentally disrupted the landscape of global scientific publishing and public administration research. This disruption presents a problem characterized by the dichotomy between AI as an essential academic productivity catalyst and a significant threat to scientific integrity. This study addresses three specific research questions: (1) the operational efficacy and ethical risks of AI in scientific writing, (2) the evolution of editorial policies, and (3) the formulation of adaptive AI governance in decentralized public administration. The objective of the research is to critically analyze the transformation of scientific publications, identify emerging ethical and methodological risks, and develop an adaptive conceptual framework for AI governance. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the data collection technique involves Library Research by extracting and systematically synthesizing 101 contemporary high-impact literature (2018–2025) indexed in Scopus Q1 and Web of Science. The data analysis technique utilizes thematic analysis to map cross-disciplinary literature patterns, while data interpretation is operationalized through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and cross-validity triangulation of institutional policies. Results and discussions reveal that AI significantly bridges cross-cultural linguistic barriers and accelerates productivity. However, the research findings confirm that AI simultaneously introduces unprecedented epistemic risks (algorithmic hallucinations), ethical biases, and legal accountability voids regarding authorship and peer-review evaluations. This study provides scientific novelty by reconstructing this paradigm and proposing the Human-AI Cognitive Synergy framework. It is concluded that there is an urgent need for adaptive AI governance within public institutions to regulate machine-assisted research without stifling innovation. Therefore, the study offers actionable recommendations emphasizing critical human oversight (human-in-the-loop validation), transparent disclosure policies, and sectoral regulatory audits for researchers, academic publishers, and government policy strategists to safeguard scientific integrity.

Keywords:

Read the Full Text

The full text of this article is available as PDF. Version of record published in Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025).

Open PDF

References

76 references
  1. Ahn, S. (2024). The Transformative Impact of Large Language Models on Medical Writing and Publishing: Current Applications, Challenges and Future Directions. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 28(5), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.5.393
  2. Al Jannadi, K. (2023). AI Hallucinations: Types, Causes, Impacts, and Strategies for Detection and Prevention. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19451.37925
  3. Al-Bukhrani, M. A., Alrefaee, Y. M. H., & Tawfik, M. (2025). Adoption of AI Writing Tools Among Academic Researchers: A Theory of Reasoned Action Approach. PLOS One, 20(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313837
  4. Alordiah, C. O. (2023). Appreciating the AI Revolution: Empowering Educational Researchers Through AI Tools for Writing Research Articles. Zamfara International Journal of Humanities, 2(1), 178–195. https://doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2023.v02i01.013
  5. Aluthman, E. S. (2024). An Investigation of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Editorial Tasks Among Arab Researchers Publishing in English. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 174–185. https://ejal.info/article-view/?id=703
  6. Androniceanu, A. (2023). The New Trends of Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration. Administratie Si Management Public, 40, 147–155. https://doi.org/10.24818/amp/2023.40-09
  7. Birkstedt, T., Minkkinen, M., Tandon, A., & Mantymaki, M. (2023). AI Governance: Themes, Knowledge Gaps and Future Agendas. Internet Research, 33(7), 133–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2022-0042
  8. Carter, D. (2020). Regulation and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies: Where Are We Now? Who Is Responsible? Can the Information Professional Play a Role? Business Information Review, 37(2), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382120923962
  9. Charles, V., Rana, N. P., & Carter, L. (2022). Artificial Intelligence for Data-Driven Decision-Making and Governance in Public Affairs. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101742
  10. Chemaya, N., & Martin, D. (2024). Perceptions and Detection of AI Use in Manuscript Preparation for Academic Journals. PLOS One, 19(7), e0304807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304807
  11. Chetwynd, E. (2024). Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence for Scientific Writing: Current Trends. Journal of Human Lactation, 40(2), 211–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/08903344241235160
  12. Contesse, M., Duncan, J., Legun, K., & Klerkx, L. (2021). Unravelling Non-human Agency in Sustainability Transitions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120634
  13. da Veiga, A. (2025). Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Tools in Scholarly Publishing: A Thematic Analysis. Science Editing, 12(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.6087/kcse.352
  14. Dergaa, I., Chamari, K., Zmijewski, P., & Ben Saad, H. (2023). From Human Writing to Artificial Intelligence Generated Text: Examining the Prospects and Potential Threats of ChatGPT in Academic Writing. Biology of Sport, 40(2), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.125623
  15. Floris, F. D., & Renandya, W. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Tools for Research Writing: Practical Tips for Teachers. TESL-EJ, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.55593/EJ.29113INT2
  16. Ganjavi, C., Eppler, M. B., Pekcan, A., Biedermann, B., Abreu, A., Collins, G. S., Gill, I. S., & Cacciamani, G. E. (2024). Publishers’ and Journals’ Instructions to Authors on Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Academic and Scientific Publishing: Bibliometric Analysis. BMJ, 384, e077192. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-077192
  17. Garcia, M. B. (2024). Using AI Tools in Writing Peer Review Reports: Should Academic Journals Embrace the Use of ChatGPT? Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 52(2), 139–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-023-03299-7
  18. Golan, R., Reddy, R., Muthigi, A., & Ramasamy, R. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing: A Paradigm-Shifting Technological Advance. Nature Reviews Urology, 20(6), 327–328. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-023-00746-x
  19. Gordon, G., Rieder, B., & Sileno, G. (2022). On Mapping Values in AI Governance. Computer Law & Security Review, 46, 105712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2022.105712
  20. Hao, X., Demir, E., & Eyers, D. (2025). Beyond Human-in-the-Loop: Sensemaking Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence Collaboration. Sustainable Futures, 10, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101152
  21. Hosseini, M., & Resnik, D. B. (2025). Guidance Needed for Using Artificial Intelligence to Screen Journal Submissions for Misconduct. Research Ethics, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161241254052
  22. Hosseini, M., Resnik, D. B., & Holmes, K. (2023). The Ethics of Disclosing the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Writing Scholarly Manuscripts. Research Ethics, 19(4), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231180449
  23. Ibragimova, I., & Phagava, H. (2024). Editorial: AI Tools Usage in Emerald Journal Articles. International Journal of Health Governance, 29(3), 193–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHG-09-2024-163
  24. Kaur Sidhu, B. (2025). Hallucinations in Artificial Intelligence: Origins, Detection, and Mitigation. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 14(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR241229170309
  25. Keith, A. J. (2024). Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Southeast Asia. Global Policy, 15(5), 937–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13458
  26. Kemal, O. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Peer Review: Ethical Risks and Practical Limits. Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology. https://doi.org/10.4274/tao.2025.2025-8-12
  27. Kendall, G. (2025). When Using Artificial Intelligence Tools in Scientific Publications Authors Should Include the Prompts and the Generated Text as Part of the Submission. Journal of Academic Ethics, 23(3), 639–647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-024-09581-0
  28. Khalifa, M., & Albadawy, M. (2024). Using Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing and Research: An Essential Productivity Tool. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update, 5, 100145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpbup.2024.100145
  29. Koller, D., Beam, A., Manrai, A., Ashley, E., Liu, X., Gichoya, J., Holmes, C., Zou, J., Dagan, N., Wong, T. Y., Blumenthal, D., & Kohane, I. (2024). Why We Support and Encourage the Use of Large Language Models in NEJM AI Submissions. NEJM AI, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1056/AIe2300128
  30. Kuziemski, M., & Misuraca, G. (2020). AI Governance in the Public Sector: Three Tales From the Frontiers of Automated Decision-Making in Democratic Settings. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6), 101976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101976
  31. Leung, T. I., de Azevedo Cardoso, T., Mavragani, A., & Eysenbach, G. (2023). Best Practices for Using AI Tools as an Author, Peer Reviewer, or Editor. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e51584. https://doi.org/10.2196/51584
  32. Li, H., & Wu, X. (2025). The Use of Generative AI Tools in Academic Writing: A Systematic Review of Research Trends and Thematic Insights. AI and Ethics, 5(6), 5821–5840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00827-0
  33. Li, Y., Fan, Y., & Nie, L. (2025). Making Governance Agile: Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in China’s Local Governance. Public Policy and Administration, 40(2), 276–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231188229
  34. Liu, J., He, Y., Zheng, Z., Bu, Y., & Ni, C. (2025). AI-Assisted Writing Is Growing Fastest Among Non-English-Speaking and Less Established Scientists. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15872v1
  35. Lund, B. D., & Naheem, K. T. (2024). Can ChatGPT Be an Author? A Study of Artificial Intelligence Authorship Policies in Top Academic Journals. Learned Publishing, 37(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1582
  36. Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a New Academic Reality: Artificial Intelligence-Written Research Papers and the Ethics of the Large Language Models in Scholarly Publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750
  37. Matibag, T. (2021). Artificial Intelligence for Local Governance. The Urban Lawyer, 50(3), 415–436. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27097756
  38. Maturo, F., Porreca, A., & Porreca, A. (2025). The Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Research: Ethical and Methodological Challenges in the Peer Review Process. AI and Ethics, 5(5), 5389–5396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-025-00775-9
  39. Medaglia, R., Gil-Garcia, J. R., & Pardo, T. A. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Government: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Social Science Computer Review, 41(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393211034087
  40. Meng, T., & Cheng, D. (2020). Research on Local Government Governance Structure Reform and Function Change Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 18(3), 303. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWMC.2020.106779
  41. Mikhaylov, S. J., Esteve, M., & Campion, A. (2018). Artificial Intelligence for the Public Sector: Opportunities and Challenges of Cross-Sector Collaboration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2128), 20170357. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0357
  42. Mishra, T., Sutanto, E., Rossanti, R., Pant, N., Ashraf, A., Raut, A., Uwabareze, G., Oluwatomiwa, A., & Zeeshan, B. (2024). Use of Large Language Models As Artificial Intelligence Tools in Academic Research and Publishing Among Global Clinical Researchers. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 31672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81370-6
  43. Moffatt, B., & Hall, A. (2025). Is AI My Co-author? The Ethics of Using Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Publishing. Accountability in Research, 32(8), 1313–1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2024.2386285
  44. Mollaki, V. (2024). Death of a Reviewer or Death of Peer Review Integrity? The Challenges of Using AI Tools in Peer Reviewing and the Need to Go Beyond Publishing Policies. Research Ethics, 20(2), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161231224552
  45. Mondal, H., Mondal, S., & Behera, J. K. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing: Insights From Journal Publishers’ Guidelines. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 16(1), 56–57. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_67_24
  46. Monika, M., Divyavarsini, V., & Suganthan, D. C. (2023). A Survey on Analyzing the Effectiveness of AI Tools Among Research Scholars in Academic Writing and Publishing. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 9(6), 1293–1305.
  47. Oyelude, A. A. (2024). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools for Academic Research. Library Hi Tech News, 41(8), 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-08-2024-0131
  48. Park, S. H. (2023). Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence, Including Large Language Models Such as ChatGPT, in Scientific Publications: Policies of KJR and Prominent Authorities. Korean Journal of Radiology, 24(8), 715. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2023.0643
  49. Piatnychuk, I., Gudz, I., Rovynska, K., Savytskyy, A., Stepanenko, S., & Zhdankevych, M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Application in the Digitalization of Local Governance: Opportunities and Challenges of Sustainable Development. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(2), 662–682. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080231
  50. Prakash, A., Aggarwal, S., Varghese, J. J., & Varghese, J. J. (2025). Writing Without Borders: AI and Cross-Cultural Convergence in Academic Writing Quality. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1058. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05484-6
  51. Queiroz, A. B. L., Sartori, L. R. M., Lima, G. da S., & Moraes, R. R. (2025). Editorial Policies for Use and Acknowledgment of Artificial Intelligence in Dental Journals. Journal of Dentistry, 161, 105923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105923
  52. Radu, R. (2021). Steering the Governance of Artificial Intelligence: National Strategies in Perspective. Policy and Society, 40(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2021.1929728
  53. Reddy, P., Chand, K., Sharma, K., Sharma, B., & Sharma, S. (2025). Evolution of Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Review of the Developed and Developing. Engineered Science. https://doi.org/10.30919/es1529
  54. Saif, M., Iqbal, F., Sheaikh, R. A., Ilyas, A., Farid, G., & Nadeem, M. (2024). Ethical Considerations Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Research and Publication. Kurdish Studies, 12(4), 1166–1170. https://doi.org/10.53555/ks.v12i4.3133
  55. Sharma, G. D., Yadav, A., & Chopra, R. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Effective Governance: A Review, Critique and Research Agenda. Sustainable Futures, 2, 100004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2019.100004
  56. Shopovski, J. (2024). Generative Artificial Intelligence, AI for Scientific Writing: A Literature Review. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202406.0011.V1
  57. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
  58. Snyder, H. (2024). Designing the Literature Review for a Strong Contribution. Journal of Decision Systems, 33(4), 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2023.2197704
  59. Sullivan, M., Kelly, A., & McLaughlan, P. (2023). ChatGPT in Higher Education: Considerations for Academic Integrity and Student Learning. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.17
  60. Susar, D., & Aquaro, V. (2019). Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, 418–426. https://doi.org/10.1145/3326365.3326420
  61. Taeihagh, A. (2021). Governance of Artificial Intelligence. Policy and Society, 40(2), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2021.1928377
  62. Tan, Q. (2025). Factors Influencing the Adoption of Generative AI in Education: A Systematic Review, Proposed Framework and Future Research Agenda. British Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.70059
  63. Tang, A., Li, K., Kwok, K. O., Cao, L., Luong, S., & Tam, W. (2024). The Importance of Transparency: Declaring the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Academic Writing. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 56(2), 314–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12938
  64. Valle-Cruz, D., Criado, J. I., Sandoval-Almazán, R., & Ruvalcaba-Gomez, E. A. (2020). Assessing the Public Policy-Cycle Framework in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: From Agenda-Setting to Policy Evaluation. Government Information Quarterly, 37(4), 101509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101509
  65. Valli Buttow, C. (2025). Data-Driven Policy Making and Its Impacts on Regulation: A Study of the OECD Vision in the Light of Data Critical Studies. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 16(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2024.73
  66. van Noordt, C., & Misuraca, G. (2022a). Artificial Intelligence for the Public Sector: Results of Landscaping the Use of AI in Government Across the European Union. Government Information Quarterly, 39(3), 101714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101714
  67. van Noordt, C., & Misuraca, G. (2022b). Exploratory Insights on Artificial Intelligence for Government in Europe. Social Science Computer Review, 40(2), 426–444. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439320980449
  68. Wadipalapa, R. P., Katharina, R., Nainggolan, P. P., Aminah, S., Apriani, T., Ma’rifah, D., & Anisah, A. L. (2024). An Ambitious Artificial Intelligence Policy in a Decentralised Governance System: Evidence From Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 43(1), 65–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034231226393
  69. Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Geyer, C. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector—Applications and Challenges. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(7), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2018.1498103
  70. Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C., & Sturm, B. J. (2020). The Dark Sides of Artificial Intelligence: An Integrated AI Governance Framework for Public Administration. International Journal of Public Administration, 43(9), 818–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2020.1749851
  71. Wong, D., Harding, S., & Johnson, M. (2024). The Future of Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 262(5), 1375–1376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06385-1
  72. Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971
  73. Yeo, M. A. (2023). Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Authoring Apps. TESOL Journal, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.716
  74. Yigitcanlar, T., Agdas, D., & Degirmenci, K. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Local Governments: Perceptions of City Managers on Prospects, Constraints and Choices. AI & Society, 38(3), 1135–1150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01450-x
  75. Yigitcanlar, T., Corchado, J. M., Mehmood, R., Li, R. Y. M., Mossberger, K., & Desouza, K. (2021). Responsible Urban Innovation with Local Government Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010071
  76. Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Copyright & Open Access License

Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s). This article is licensed under CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>