Analysis of Research Desk Policy on Technology Transfer Office as a Solution for Technology Transfer Barriers in Indonesian Research and Development Institutions

Authors

  • Aditya Wisnu Pradana Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Anugerah Yuka Asmara Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Budi Triyono Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Ria Jayanthi Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Anggini Dinaseviani Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Purwadi Indonesian Institute of Sciences
  • Wahid Nashihuddin Indonesian Institute of Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.5.1.2021.1-12

Keywords:

technology transfer office, technology transfer, technology transfer policy, research and development, commercialization

Abstract

The government-owned research and development institutions (lembaga litbang) has been established for a long time; units under the ministries, universities, or an independent institution structure called the Non-Ministry Government Institutions in the field of Research and Technology (LPNK Ristek). However, the long course of LPNK Ristek is measured to be not in line with the output of the research and development (R&D) due to its minimal contribution in commercializing the results to its users. This study aims to provide a depth understanding of the form of policy design as the result of low commercialization of R&D results in Indonesia along with existing technology transfer policies. This study also proposes new policy alternatives, namely the Technology Transfer Office (TTO) to improve the existing policy. The approach of this study is qualitative with the desk research method, where the data sources used are obtained through secondary sources from written documents, scientific journals, scientific books, archives, related policies or regulations, and searches from the websites of related institutions. The data sources were published in the period 1996 to 2020. The results of this study found that there were three obstacles to technology transfer in Indonesian R&D institutions, namely the lack of funding, limited quality and quantity of human resources, and a rigid institutional structure that hindered the function of technology transfer. This study also recommends the TTO policy as an alternative technology transfer policy with four main instruments, namely (1) the government activities involved, (2) the structure of the delivery system either directly or indirectly, (3) the degree of centralization, and (4) the degree of automation with funding mechanisms, human resources, and institutions in the form of a Public Service Agency (BLU).

References

Ariana, L., Fizzanty, T., Hermawati, W., Prihadyanti, D., Laili, N., & Alamsyah, P. (2014). Perilaku Organisasi Litbang dalam Alokasi Anggaran dan Skenario Kebijakan Alokasi Anggaran Litbang Pemerintah (Lemlit X). Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Asmara, A. Y. (2016). Kontribusi Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pemerintah dalam Pembangunan Nasional: Tinjauan Konsep Komersialisasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Kontribusi Akademisi Dalam Pencapaian Pembangunan Berkelanjutan,†75–83. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya.

Asmara, A. Y., Oktaviyanti, D., Alamsyah, P., & Zulhamdani, M. (2016). Science-Techno Park and Industrial Policy in Indonesia. Paper in ‘Korea and the World Economy XV’ Conference to Be Held at Korea Federation of Banks.

Birkland, T. A. (2001). An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making (1st Ed.). London: M. E. Sharpe.

Birkland, T. A. (2015). An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making (3rd Ed.). London: Routledge.

Brodjonegoro, S. S., & Greene, M. P. (2014). Creating an Indonesian Science Fund.

Carvalho, N. P. 2011. (2011). Article 66, least developed countries members. In The TRIPS regime of patent rights (3rd ed., pp. 698–708). The Hague: Kluwer Law International.

Chakroun, N. (2017). Using technology transfer offices to foster technological development: A proposal based on a combination of articles 66.2 and 67 of the TRIPS agreement. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 20, 103–118.

Correa, C. (2015). Can the TRIPS agreement foster technology transfer to developing countries? In K. E. Maskus & J. H. Reichman (Eds.), International public goods and transfer of technology under a globalized intellectual property regime. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th Ed.). Los Angeles; London; New Dehli; Singapore; Washington DC: Sage Publications.

EU-IndonesiaTCF. (2017). Guide to Setting Up Technology Transfer Office.

Gerintya, S. (2017). Kondisi Dunia Penelitian di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/kondisi-dunia-penelitian-di-indonesia-cvvj

Grosse, R. (1996). International technology transfer in services. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(4), 781–800. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490153

Hardi, M. (2017). Permasalahan Beasiswa – Inspektorat Jenderal Kemenristekdikti.

Johnston, M. P. (2014). Secondary Data Analysis: A Method of which the Time Has Come Melissa. Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML), 3, 619–626.

Kementerian Ristekdikti. (2017a). Pedoman Beasiswa SDM Iptek Kemenristekdikti Tahun 2017. Retrieved from http://sumberdaya.ristekdikti.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Pedoman-Beasiswa-SDM-Iptek-2017.pdf

Kementerian Ristekdikti. (2017b). Term of Reference Inisiasi Regulasi Terkait Penguatan TTO. Jakarta.

Lakitan, B., Hidayat, D., & Herlinda, S. (2012). Scientific productivity and the collaboration intensity of Indonesian universities and public R&D institutions: Are there dependencies on collaborative R&D with foreign institutions? Technology in Society, 34(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2012.06.001

Mashad, D. (2008). Tahun Penuh Tantangan: Soedjono Djoened Poesponegoro, Menteri Riset Pertama di Indonesia (N. Supriyanti, Ed.). Jakarta: LIPI Press.

Muhammad, N. A., Faisal, A., & Anindito, I. A. (2017). Studi Pembangunan Science and Technopark (STP) di Indonesia. Jurnal Perencanaan Dan Pembangunan, 1(1), 14–31.

Oktaviyanti, D., Kusbiantono, Sari, K., Arifin, M., Rahayu, S., & Asmara, A. Y. (2013). Analisis Perkembangan Kebijakan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi di Indonesia dari Era Orde Lama hingga Era Orde Baru (Laporan Akhir Penelitian Kegiatan DIPA Pappiptek LIPI Tahun Anggaran 2013 - Laporan Tidak Dipublikasi). Jakarta.

Pramisti, N. Q. (2016). Muramnya Wajah Dunia Riset Indonesia. Retrieved from https://tirto.id/muramnya-wajah-dunia-riset-indonesia-bsF6

Rachmawati, R., Asmara, A. Y., & Badriani, M. (2014). Kajian Tata Kelola Pendanaan Riset di LPNK Ristek. Laporan Akhir Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi Sub Kegiatan: RISET-PRO Nomor 09/Kontrak/RisetPro/D2/AD2-2/IX/2014. Laporan Tidak Dipublikasikan.

Risbang Kemenristek BRIN. (2019). Indonesia Harus Meningkatkan Produktivitas Paten Jika Ingin Menjadi Negara Maju. Retrieved from https://risbang.ristekbrin.go.id/publikasi/berita-kegiatan/indonesia-harus-meningkatkan-produktivitas-paten-jika-ingin-menjadi-negara-maju/#:~:text=“Indonesia merupakan pendaftar paten domestik,paten terdaftar di tahun 2018%0A

Ruggiano, N., & Perry, T. E. (2019). Conducting secondary analysis of qualitative data: Should we, can we, and how? Qualitative Social Work, 18(1), 81–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325017700701

Soedarsono, S. (2004). Mengukur Kompetensi Unit Riset. Info Kajian Bappenas, 1(2), 87–96.

Suranto. (2019). GERD Indonesia Mengalami Kenaikan. Retrieved from http://infopublik.id/kategori/nasional-sosial-budaya/372769/gerd-indonesia-mengalami-kenaikan

Surminah, I. (2004). Pola Komersialisasi Hasil Litbang di LIPI. Warta Kebijakan Iptek Dan Manajemen Litbang, 2, 99–113.

Surminah, I., Pabeta, A. T., & Soedibyo. (2004). Penelitian tentang Model Komunikasi Komersialisasi Hasil Litbang. Jakarta: Pappiptek-LIPI.

TRIPS Agreement. (1994). Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1C, 1869 U.N.T.S. 299, 33 I.L.M. 1197. Retrieved from Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights website: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/trips_e.htm#art3

United Nations. (2010). Training Module on the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Retrieved from https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctncd20083_en.pdf

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2014). Transfer of technology and knowledge sharing for development: science, technology and innovation issues for developing countries. In UNCTAD Current studies on science, tecnology and innovation (Vol. 8). Retrieved from UNCTAD/DTL/STICT/2013/8

World Bank. (n.d.). FDI and Technology Transfer. Retrieved from https://tcdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/h2b4ffaf7?indicator=717&viz=line_chart&years=2007,2017%0A

World Bank, & Kementerian Ristekdikti. (2017). Inisiasi Regulasi Penguatan Technology Transfer Office (Naskah Policy Paper) (pp. 1–56). pp. 1–56.

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). (2011). Transfer of technology in its fourteenth session. SCP/14/4/rev, Geneva, April, 13th.

Zuhal. (2000). Visi Iptek Memasuki Milenium III. Jakarta: UI Press.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-31

How to Cite

Pradana, A. W., Asmara, A. Y., Triyono, B., Jayanthi, R., Dinaseviani, A., Purwadi, & Nashihuddin, W. (2021). Analysis of Research Desk Policy on Technology Transfer Office as a Solution for Technology Transfer Barriers in Indonesian Research and Development Institutions. Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.5.1.2021.1-12

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The Creative Commons-Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike License 4.0 International applies to all works published by Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan. Authors will retain copyright of the work.