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Original Research Article Open Access SINTA 2 Accredited

Strengthening Territorial Convergence in Indonesia’s Three Million Houses Program Through a Hybrid-Integrative Governance Approach

Authors

  • Azharisman Rozie
  • Selvi Diana Meilinda * Corresponding author
  • Dwi Agus Sumarno
  • Hendayana
  • Nurhadi
DOI
10.21787/jbp.18.2026.3079
Published & Pages
31 August 2026 · pp. 451-464
Manuscript History
Received16 Mar 2026 Published31 Aug 2026
License
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
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Abstract

This qualitative multi-site case study examines the subnational governance of Indonesia’s Three Million Houses Program in Lampung, Riau, and West Kalimantan. It addresses two questions: (1) what structural governance difficulties characterize subnational program delivery, and (2) how a hybrid-integrative governance model might strengthen the role of regional governments while maintaining central leadership. Evidence from cross-site interviews, document analysis, and comparative thematic coding suggests that delivery is fragmented by parallel program streams, limited regional strategic authority over targeting and sequencing, persistent fiscal constraints, and inconsistent beneficiary datasets. The coexistence of aspirational and technocratic approaches to targeting appears to hinder territorial convergence and to create an accountability gap, because regional governments are held accountable for outcomes without control over key delivery levers. The article proposes a hybrid-integrative governance model in which the Ministry of Housing and Settlement Areas retains central direction and the Ministry of Home Affairs retains its supervisory and coordinating role, while regional governments are repositioned as light-touch territorial integrators. Four mechanisms are proposed to operationalize convergence: a mandatory local validation gate for harmonizing beneficiary lists, a single interoperable regional housing database, a regional housing convergence forum for spatial synchronization and sequencing, and trigger budgeting that uses limited regional resources to unlock larger central and private financing. The findings suggest that modest institutional interfaces may improve targeting consistency, coordination, and accountability in nationally guided programs without restructuring their underlying financial architecture. The study contributes to debates on multilevel governance and policy integration.

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