Kebijakan Kurikulum, Ketidaksesuaian Kualifikasi, dan Indeks Kesiapan Pendidikan Vokasi di Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Batam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.18.2026.3302Kata Kunci:
kawasan perdagangan bebas, ketidaksesuaian kualifikasi, kebijakan kurikulum vokasi, indeks kesiapan pendidikan vokasiAbstrak
Fenomena ketidaksesuaian kualifikasi pada lulusan sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) di Batam merupakan paradoks dalam konteks kawasan perdagangan bebas (free trade zone, FTZ) yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja teknis terampil. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kualitas kebijakan pendidikan vokasi dan relevansi kurikulum SMK terhadap kebutuhan industri di Batam dengan desain metode campuran penelitian sekunder integratif. Data administratif dari instansi nasional dan daerah yang mencakup bidang statistik, pendidikan, ketenagakerjaan, dan sertifikasi profesi dianalisis melalui enam variabel proksi (X1–X6) untuk menyusun Indeks Kesiapan Pendidikan Vokasi (IKPV). Nilai IKPV sebesar 0,787, yang menempatkan sistem dalam kategori optimal, tetapi muncul paradoks struktural: dimensi Partisipasi memperoleh skor sempurna (1,000), sedangkan dimensi Akseptabilitas hanya mencapai 0,559. Hanya 39,86% lulusan SMK yang terserap ke dalam sektor industri yang relevan, sementara 52,58% mengalami ketidaksesuaian vertikal. Tiga kegagalan inti teridentifikasi, yaitu kegagalan pensinyalan, kegagalan kurikulum, dan kegagalan regulasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan reformasi kebijakan berbasis bukti, yaitu peraturan daerah yang mewajibkan industri yang beroperasi di FTZ untuk terlibat dalam ekosistem pendidikan vokasi, sinkronisasi wajib kurikulum pendidikan vokasi dengan standar kompetensi nasional, serta sistem sertifikasi kompetensi universal yang selaras dengan kebutuhan industri.
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