Skip to main content
Original Research Article Open Access SINTA 2 Accredited

Application of Women’s Representation As Election Supervisors in the Election Supervisory Board in the Indonesian Election Law

Authors

  • Ricky Santoso Muharam * Corresponding author
  • Ari Pradhanawati
  • Fitriyah
  • Supratiwi
  • Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
  • *Corresponding author
DOI
10.21787/jbp.15.2023.507-520
Published & Pages
29 December 2023 · pp. 507-520
Manuscript History
Received23 Oct 2023 Published29 Dec 2023
License
CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0
Read PDF 256 KB Cite

756 Views 616 Downloads

Abstract

This study analyses the application of women's representation as election supervisors and election supervisors who are part of election organizers other than the General Elections Commission. The Election Supervisory Board (Bawaslu) is an election organizer with the authority and responsibility to oversee the process of election stages and election participants. This study uses a qualitative approach by using secondary data from the Bawaslu Decree of the Republic of Indonesia and primary data from the regulation of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning general elections, journals, internet and social media from Bawaslu agencies, both from Bawaslu RI, Province, and Bawaslu Regency/City. Then, conclude using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study show that the implementation of women's representation in the election supervisory institution, namely Bawaslu, does not meet the women's representation requirement of 30%. Even in some districts/cities, women are not represented as election supervisors. Article 92 Paragraph 11, as a legal basis regarding women's representation in Bawaslu, is not fully implemented. Regulations are not only used as an obligation abort as a condition for women's entry into politics that have been given places and rules. In addition, implementation and supervision in the field are needed. There needs to be integrity and transparency from the selected selection team with no political content that benefits one candidate. However, due diligence and appropriateness are in the realm of Bawaslu of the Republic of Indonesia.

Keywords:

Read the Full Text

The full text of this article is available as PDF. Version of record published in Vol. 15 No. 3 (2023).

Open PDF

References

34 references
  1. Abhan, Manik, E. N. G., Fahriza, Telaumbanua, H. B., Budhiati, I., Anggraini, N. E., Sardini, N. H., Salam, R., Ananingsih, S. W., Yulianto, & Marzuki, W. (2019). Perihal Para Penyelenggara Pemilu (A. Perdana, Ed.). Bawaslu.
  2. Bawaslu. (2018). Pedoman Pembentukan Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum Kabupaten/Kota. Bawaslu.
  3. Bawaslu. (2023). Pengumuman Seleksi Panwas. Bawaslu.
  4. Berry, M. E., Bouka, Y., & Kamuru, M. M. (2021). Implementing Inclusion: Gender Quotas, Inequality, and Backlash in Kenya. Politics & Gender, 17(4), 640–664. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X19000886
  5. Childs, S., & Krook, M. L. (2008). Critical Mass Theory and Women’s Political Representation. Political Studies, 56(3), 725–736. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00712.x
  6. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  7. Dahlerup, D. (2006). The Story of the Theory of Critical Mass. Politics & Gender, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X0624114X
  8. Dahlerup, D. (2016). Women’s Political Representation. In A. Wong, M. Wickramasinghe, R. Hoogland, & N. A. Naples (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies (1st ed., pp. 1–5). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss308
  9. Dahlerup, D., Hilal, Z., Kalandadze, N., & Kandawasvika-Nhundu, R. (2014). Atlas of Electoral Gender Quotas. International IDEA. https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/atlas-electoral-gender-quotas
  10. Dahlerup, D., Lenita Freidenvall with the assistance of Eleonora Stolt, K. B., & Lene Persson-Weiss (WIP - Women in Politics Research Centre, D. of P. S. (2008). Electoral Gender Quota Systems and Their Implementation in Europe. EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1341495/electoral-gender-quota-systems-and-their-implementation-in-europe/1953532/
  11. Deininger, K., Jin, S., Nagarajan, H. K., & Xia, F. (2015). Does Female Reservation Affect Long-Term Political Outcomes? Evidence from Rural India. The Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.947279
  12. Do Women Represent Women? Rethinking the “Critical Mass” Debate. (2006). Politics & Gender, 2(04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X06211140
  13. Dorrough, A., Nater, C., & Leszczyńska, M. (2019). What Are the Positive and Negative Side Effects of Gender Quotas? The Inquisitive Mind, 12(42). https://www.in-mind.org/article/what-are-the-positive-and-negative-side-effects-of-gender-quotas
  14. Dryzek, J. S., Honig, B., & Phillips, A. (Eds.). (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Political Theory (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.001.0001
  15. Franceschet, S., Krook, M. L., & Piscopo, J. M. (2009, September 3). The Impact of Gender Quotas: A Research Agenda. Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Toronto, Canada.
  16. Franceschet, S., & Piscopo, J. M. (2008). Gender Quotas and Women’s Substantive Representation: Lessons from Argentina. Politics & Gender, 4(03). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X08000342
  17. Jankowski, M., & Marcinkiewicz, K. (2021). Model Dependency in the Analysis of Women’s Electoral Success. Politics & Gender, 17(2), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X19000564
  18. Kaharuddin, K. (2021). Kualitatif: Ciri dan Karakter Sebagai Metodologi. Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan, 9(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26618/equilibrium.v9i1.4489
  19. Lovenduski, J. (2019). Feminist Reflections on Representative Democracy. The Political Quarterly, 90(S1), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12563
  20. Muharam, R. S., Pradhanawati, A., Fitriyah, F., Supratiwi, S., & Hidayat, A. (2023). Women’s Empowerment in Fulfilling the Affirmative Quota of Election Supervisors. Research Synergy Foundation Conference Proceedings Series: Business, Management and Social Science, 3(3), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v3i3.685
  21. Muharam, R. S., & Prasetyo, D. (2021). Pemenuhan Hak Politik Perempuan Sebagai Pengawas Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Serentak Tahun 2020. Jurnal HAM, 12(2), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2021.12.273-284
  22. Nasrullah, N., & Lailam, T. (2017). Dinamika dan Problematika Politik Hukum Lembaga Penyelesai Sengketa Hasil Pemilihan Kepala Daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Media Hukum, 24(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.2017.0084.1-13
  23. Neschen, A., & Hügelschäfer, S. (2021). Gender Bias in Performance Evaluations: The Impact of Gender Quotas. Journal of Economic Psychology, 85, 102383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2021.102383
  24. Phillips, A. (2000). Problems and Developments. Democracy and the Representation of Difference and the Politics of Presence: Problems and Developments. Aalborg Universitet.
  25. Phillips, A. (2020). Descriptive Representation Revisited. In R. Rohrschneider & J. Thomassen (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Political Representation in Liberal Democracies (pp. 173–191). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198825081.013.8
  26. Powley, E. (2006). Rwanda: The Impact of Women Legislators on Policy Outcomes Affecting Children and Families [Working Paper]. Division of Policy and Planning, UNICEF.
  27. Puskapol UI. (2014). Meningkatkan (lagi) Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Lembaga Penyelenggara Pemilu. Puskapol UI.
  28. Radojevic, M. (2023). The Subjective Effects of Gender Quotas: Party Elites Do Not Consider “Quota Women” to Be Less Competent. Politics & Gender, 19(2), 349–372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X22000137
  29. Supriyanto, D. (2013). Menjaga Independensi Penyelenggara Pemilu. Perludem.
  30. Suranto, S., Nasrullah, N., & Lailam, T. (2020). Model Rekrutmen Penyelenggara Pemilu yang Independen dan Berintegritas di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Konstitusi, 17(1), 54–79. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1713
  31. Taylor, K., Nettleton, S., & Harding, G. (2010). Social Research Methods. In Sociology for Pharmacists. Routledge.
  32. Turnbull, B. (2021). Quotas As Opportunities and Obstacles: Revisiting Gender Quotas in India. Politics & Gender, 17(2), 324–348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X19000722
  33. Wahdini, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Simultaneous Election 2019: Evaluation Through the Simultaneous Election 2024. Jurnal Bina Praja, 14(1), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.14.2022.123-134
  34. Wall, A., Ellis, A., Ayoub, A., Dundas, C. W., Rukambe, J., & Staino, S. (2016). Desain Penyelenggaraan Pemilu: Buku Pedoman Internasional IDEA. Institut Demokrasi dan Asistensi Demokrasi & Perludem.

Copyright & Open Access License

Copyright (c) 2023 Author(s). This article is licensed under CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0.