Peran Usaha Mikro dan Kecil dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Daerah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.04.2012.73-92Keywords:
UMK, kemiskinan, produktivitas, pangsa output, MSE, poverty, productivity, output shareAbstract
Abstrak
Tujuan utama dari studi ini adalah mengeksplorasi peran usaha mikro dan kecil (UMK) dalam pengentasan kemiskinan di daerah. Lebih spesifik lagi, studi ini bermaksud menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian berikut ini. Pertama, apakah keberadaan UMK bisa mengurangi kemiskinan di daerah? Kedua, apakah derajat pentingnya UMK bagi pengentasan kemiskinan bervariasi menurut daerah dan apa kemungkinan faktor-faktor penentunya? Penelitian ini didasarkan pada analisa data sekunder dengan memakai data kemiskinan dan UMK di industri manufaktur pada tingkat provinsi. Pentingnya
keberadaan UMK diukur secara tidak langsung dengan lima indikator: jumlah unit usaha, jumlah pekerja yang dibayar, produktivitas, pangsa output, dan nilai ekspor. Hasil penelitian ini memberi kesan bahwa UMK memang penting bagi pengurangan kemiskinan di daerah (provinsi). Namun, perannya itu bervariasi menurut provinsi yang ditentukan oleh perbedaan-perbedaan dalam akses UMK ke input input penting seperti pendidikan, bantuan teknis, bahan baku dan permodalan.
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Abstract
The main objective of this study is to explore the role of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in regional poverty alleviation. More specific, this study aims to answer the following two research questions. First, can the presence of MSEs reduce regional poverty? Second, does the degree of the importance of MSEs for poverty reduction vary by region and what are the likely determinants?This research is based on secondary data analysis by using data on poverty and MSEs in the manufacturing industry at the provincial level. The importance of MSEs is measured indirectly with five indicators: total units, total paid workers, productivity, output share, value of export. Finding of this research suggests that MSEs are indeed for poverty regional reduction (province). However, their role varies by province which is determined by differences in MSEs’ access to crucial inputs such as education, technical assistance, raw materials and capital.
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